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AP Environmental Science Flashcards

Unit 1

1
Q

What are the levels of an Ecotsystem?

A

Individual, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

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2
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

all living and non-living organisms

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3
Q

What is a biome?

A

large area with similar climate, in a region based on yearly temperatures and precipitation

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4
Q

What is Predation?

A

Organisms eat other organisms (Parasitoids, herbivores, Carnivores, parasite

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5
Q

What is Competition?

A

organisms fighting over a resource

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6
Q

Mutalism

A

Benefits species together (coral)

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

One organisms out of two is benefited

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8
Q

Symbiosis

A

close and long term interaction between 2 organisms of different species

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9
Q

Lichen

A

composite organism when the species is so close that it is considered one

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10
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

different species use same resource in different ways to reduce competition

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11
Q

Spatial

A

different areas of a shared habitat

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12
Q

Morphological

A

using different resource based on evolved body features

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13
Q

Interspecific

A

Competition between species of different species

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14
Q

Infraspecific

A

Competition between individuals of same species

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15
Q

Community of organisms are…

A

uniquely adapted to the biome they live in

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16
Q

What determines a biome?

A

Latitude

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17
Q

Biome shifts

A

on location as climate changes, and then plants and animals shift to be in certain climates

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18
Q

TRF (tropical rainforests)

A

bad nutrients

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19
Q

Boreal forest

A

poor nutrients

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20
Q

temperate rainforest

A

rich nutrients

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21
Q

Salinity

A

the amount of salt in water

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22
Q

Depth

A

shows sunlight to reach plants for photosynthesis

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23
Q

Flow

A

determines what organisms can survive with O2 (can dissolve in water)

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24
Q

Temperature

A

warm water holds less dissolve O2to support for aquatic organisms

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25
Rivers
high O2 levels
26
lakes
fresh H2O
27
Littoral
shallow water
28
limnetic
light can reach
29
profundal
to deep for photosynthesis
30
benthic
bottom/ nutrient rich
31
Estuaries
-Rivers in to the ocean -Mixed of fresh and salt water -high plant growth
32
Coral Reef
-Warm shallow water -Mutualistic relationship (algae (lives in coral) and coral)
33
Open Ocean
-70% of Earth -algae and phytoplankton can survive (asorbs CO2 and produce O2)
34
Wetland
-soil submerged in water -shallow or emergent plants -plants are adapted to have roots soaked - Benefits: stores excess water, roots filyter out pollutants, recharges ground water
35
Salt Marshes
-temperate climates -Breeding ground for plants -Mangrove plants: tropical climates) -Mangrove tress blacks the water
36
Intertidal Zones
-Narrow band of coastline -drying out -organism adapt to waves
37
Carbon Cycle
nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again (look in com book)
38
Carbon sink
anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases
39
Nitrogen cycle
a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere (look in comp book)
40
Water Cycle
movement between sources and sinks
41
Ocean is the...
largest water ressvoir
42
Evaporation
vapor (stomata opens to allow water to evaporate)
43
Precipitation
gas to liquid
44
Amount of H2O that enters the atmosphere is from
Transpirsipitation and evaporation combined
45
runoff
flows over earth's surface into a body of water and gather pollutants
46
Infilteration
trickes throughsoil down into ground water aquifiers
47
important freshwater sources are...
ground and surface water
48
Phosphurus cycle
Movement of P atoms and molecules between sources and sinks/ resevoirs
49
Parts of a P cycle
-Slow -no gas is in the cycle -limiting nutrient - all organisms need it -Wind breaks down rocks and phosphate
50
Major ressevoirs
Rocks and sediments
51
Synthetic
sources of P like mining phosphate materials and adding it to products like detergent
52
Assimilation
the process of incorporating a nutrient into an organism's cells (similar to N cycle)
53
Eutrophication
too much in N and P
54
P sediments...
can be compressed over long periods of time
55
algae bloom
covers surface of water
56
Primary Productivity (PP)
rate of solar energy is converted into organic compunds
57
High productivity
- high plant growth - lots of food and shelter -More diverse species
58
Respiration Loss (RL)
Planys use up some of the enrgy generated by photosynthesis
59
Gross Primary Product (GPP)
total amount of energy plants catch and convert to energy through photosynthesis
60
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Amount of energy leftover for plant growth (NPP= GPP-RL)
61
Water availability
high temperature and nutrient Availability
62
1st Law of Thermodynamics
energy is never changed or destroyed
63
Due to Availability...
energy decreases with each step of the food chain
64
troph
-Nourishment -used to model energy moving through the ecosystem
65
Producers
convert sunlight energy into chemical energy
66
Food webs
Theflow of energy in a community
67
Food chain
shows single pathways
68
Trophic cascade
prey they eat increases but plants decrease and other animals that eat the plants also decrease (colapse of the food web)
69
To caculate...
Move decimal point 8 (tertiary), 80Secondary consumer), 800 (primary consumer), 8000 (producer)

Finals (5 decks)

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