AP English Final!

Question 1

Rhetorical Analysis

Answer 1

Analysis of text or given source

Question 2

Personification

Answer 2

Assigning life-like characteristics to inanimate objects (ex: My heart cried when I realized it was finals week)

Question 3

Simile

Answer 3

A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things (ex: Her wedding was LIKE a fairytale)

Question 4

Metaphor

Answer 4

A figure of speech which makes an implicit comparison (ex: Life is a roller-coaster)

Question 5

Figurative Language

Answer 5

The use of speech going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect

Question 6

Allusion

Answer 6

An indirect reference, often to a text or a historic event

Question 7

Connotation

Answer 7

The IMPLIED meaning of a word, not the literal meaning. (ex: pedophile literally means lover of children, but ya know, you can’t call yourself a pedo because of its negative connotation)

Question 8

Denotation

Answer 8

The LITERAL meaning of a word; it’s dictionary definition

Question 9

Ad hominem

Answer 9

Term that involves commenting on or against an opponent to undermine him instead of his arguments (basically personally attacking someone instead of their argument)

Question 10

Antithesis

Answer 10

Rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. (ex: Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice)

Question 11

Colloquialism

Answer 11

The use of informal words, phrases, or slang in a piece of writing (ex: “a bunch of numpties”–a group of idiots)

Question 12

Ethos

Answer 12

A persuasive appeal based on the character or projected character of the speaker, CREDIBILITY.

Question 13

Logos

Answer 13

Statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the audience by using LOGIC or REASON

Question 14

Pathos

Answer 14

Persuasive appeal that uses or evokes pity or sadness to appeal to the audience. (using EMOTION)

Question 15

Non Sequitur

Answer 15

Literary devices which include the statements, sayings, and conclusions that do NOT follow logical or reasonable principals

Question 16

Paradox

Answer 16

An absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when explained may be proved to be well founded or true (ex: “I’m a compulsive liar”…Are they lying? Telling the truth? HOW WILL YOU KNOW?)

Question 17

Parallelism

Answer 17

The use of successive verbal constructions that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, and meaning. (ex: “You need to work quickly and decisively” or “Like father, like son”

Question 18

Post hoc

Answer 18

A fallacy in which one event is said to be the cause of a later event simply because it occurred earlier. (ex: “an increase in the production of iPods was the cause of theft in 2006”)

Question 19

Rhetoric

Answer 19

The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

Question 20

Alliteration

Answer 20

A repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sequence (ex: “Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore”–the letter S is EVERYWHERE)

Question 21

Anaphora

Answer 21

Using the same word or words to start two or more sentences or paragraphs that follow one another. (ex: “BECAUSE I understand…BECAUSE I want to…BECAUSE I love you…”

Question 22

Juxtaposition

Answer 22

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences (ex: placing of baby blue and sky blue next to each other to see how they differ.)

Question 23

What does SOAPSTone stand for?

Answer 23

Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone

Question 24

Concession

Answer 24

You agree (concede) that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable

Question 25

Refutation

Answer 25

You deny (refute) the validity of all or part of the argument

Question 26

Define: Dynamic

Answer 26

Vigorously active or forceful

Question 27

Define: Simpering

Answer 27

To smile in a silly, false, or self-conscious way

Question 28

Define: Nullify

Answer 28

To make or declare legally no longer binding

Question 29

Define: Envoy

Answer 29

A messenger or representative (especially on a diplomatic mission)

Question 30

Define: Indifference

Answer 30

A lack of interest or concern

Question 31

Counterargument

Answer 31

To anticipate objections or opposing views

Question 32

Speaker

Answer 32

The person or group who creates a text (Who’s speaking? Don’t confuse author an speaker, they’re 2 diff. people sometimes)

Question 33

Occasion

Answer 33

What event influenced the text? Why did the author write this? (Is the text in response to something?)

Question 34

Audience

Answer 34

(There may be more than one audience) Listener, viewer, or reader. (Who is the article targeting?)

Question 35

Purpose

Answer 35

The goal the speaker wants to achieve

Question 36

Subject

Answer 36

The topic of the writing (What is the reading about?)

Question 37

Cultural bias

Answer 37

Bias to cultures (People who read English think it’s reasonable to read books from top to bottom & left to right)

Question 38

Diction

Answer 38

Word choice (ex: “steal” vs “obtain”)

Question 39

Syntax

Answer 39

Sentence construction (ex: “Money is better than poverty, if only for financial reasons.” - Woody Allen)

Question 40

Inversion

Answer 40

The inverted order of words in a sentence (sentence variation of the subject-verb-object order)

Question 41

Oxymoron

Answer 41

Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another (ex: “Big shrimp” or “Tall midgets”)

Question 42

Synedoche

Answer 42

Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole (ex: “All HANDS on deck!” or “Lend me your EAR”)

Question 43

Syllogism

Answer 43

Construction of several logical statements to form a deduction (ex: All penguins are black. There is a penguin at my front door. Therefore, the penguin at my door is black.)

Question 44

Metonomy

Answer 44

Symbolic phrase/collection of words that represents an idea (“The powers in WASHINGTON allowed that law” or “Let’s go to the LOOP” or “Banks had a good day on WALL STREET”)

Question 45

Anecdotes

Answer 45

real stories that highlight a point

Question 46

Jargon

Answer 46

Culture, orientation specific (For doctors: DNR = do not resuscitate. “Push one of EPI” = Epinephrine. BP = blood pressure)