AP Cyber Security - Chapter 2

Question 1

UDP

Answer 1

User Datagram Protocol

Question 2

What is UDP?

Answer 2

Transmission Protocol

Doesn’t acknowledge transmitted packets
Doesn’t allow for retransmission of lost packets

Faster than TCP
Less accurate than TCP
Packets aren’t guaranteed to arrive

(FLP)

Question 3

TCP

Answer 3

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 4

What is TCP?

Answer 4

Ensures accurate delivery of network communications between two hosts

Question 5

What does TCP provide to ensure message delivery?

Answer 5

Sequencing of data packets
Flow control
Error checking
Retransmission of lost packets

Question 6

Topology

Answer 6

Expresses how a network’s nodes are arranged and connected

Question 7

Physical Topology

Answer 7

How a network’s devices are physically connected

Question 8

Logical Topology

Answer 8

How data travels within the physical topology

Question 9

Mesh Topology

Answer 9

Each node is connected directly to each other

Used in wireless and very large networks

Question 10

Ring Topology

Answer 10

Nodes are connected in a circular chain that loops back to the originating node

Used in wide area networks (WANs)

Question 11

Star Topology

Answer 11

Each node is connected indirectly to every other node through a central network device, typically a network switch

Very common in modern computer networks

Question 12

Bus Topology

Answer 12

All nodes are connected to a single medium that transmits data

Outdated, but still used in modern cars and boats

Question 13

Hybrid Topology

Answer 13

Created when two or more network topologies are joined together

Question 14

IPv4

Answer 14

Consists of 32 bits that are typically grouped into four octets (group of eight bits)

Typically written in dotted decimal format, where four decimal numbers are period-separated.

Question 15

IPV6

Answer 15

Consists of 128 bits that are typically grouped as 8 hextets (groups of 16 bits) written with hexadecimal digits separated by colons.

ALSO: An IPv6 address can be abbreviated with a double colon

Question 16

IP is the abbreviation for?

Answer 16

Internet Protocol

Question 17

What do we use an IP address for?

Answer 17

Connecting to different networks

Question 18

Where would the IP address be found in the OSI model?

Answer 18

Network Layer

Question 19

Where would the IP address be found in the TCP/IP model?

Answer 19

Internet Layer

Question 20

What does MAC stand for?

Answer 20

Media Access Control

Question 21

What is MAC referred to as?

Answer 21

Physical address, burned-in address, hardware address, or an ethernet address

Question 22

MAC address

Answer 22

A unique 48-bit number that is used to identify an Ethernet host within a LAN.

Each MAC address is assigned to the NIC by the manufacturer

Question 23

How are MAC addresses written?

Answer 23

MAC addresses are typically written as six pairs of hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens or colons.

Question 24

Mesh Topology

Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 24

Advantages -

Redundant and Resilient
Can support high volumes of traffic

Disadvantages -

Most expensive
Complex to administer
May be overkill (unused connections)

Question 25

Ring Topology

Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 25

Advantages -

Simpler and less expensive than star and mesh
Easy to troubleshoot

Disadvantages -

Traffic goes in one direction so a single node may cause a network failure
Data may travel through nodes that are not intended

Question 26

Star Topology

Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 26

Advantages -

Less expensive to set up than mesh
Troubleshooting is easier
Traffic is easier to analyze
Easy to scale
Nodes only recieve data intented for them

Disadvantages -

Central device is a single point of failure

Question 27

Bus Topology

Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 27

Advantages -

Simplest and least expensive

Disadvantages -

Can’t handle a large number of nodes
Difficult to troubleshoot
Less secure