Ap CSP Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
Internet
My def- Global network of devices w/ information shared and transferred on web connecting the world
A network of devices communicating and sharing information.
Network of networks
Just short of internetworking
A design philosophy + architecture expressed in a set of protocols
Bandwidth
Speed in which you can send bits
Top speed of the device
Computing Device
Any device that can connect to the internet
Machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensor
Computing Network
Isolated group of computers that work together for the same cause
Combining multiple systems together
Storage system and computing systems combined together
Group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Ex: google, cloud, youtube
Computing System
Isolated group working together and storing things together
Group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data
Storage system
Ex: google, cloud
Path
Stream of all of the computers it had to go through in order to get to its destination
All the computers are interconnected
Some computers are busy, so you have to take different paths through computers to get to the destination
Series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver
IP Address
Tells exactly who the message is sending to and who it is sending from for this device
Unique number that represents that device and device’s location
Each device has a unique number that represents it and its location. This tells other devices which device you are, sending and receiving messages.
Internet Protocol (IP)
Sets up the IP Address and unique location number when the device connects to the internet
Internet Protocol automatically sets up and assigns a unique IP Address each time your device connects to the internet, and this sets it up to connect to any other users connected to the internet.
Protocol
Standards
Well known set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines
Fault Tolerance
Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups
Designed to be fault tolerant
Redundancy
The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network
Extra
Send same message multiple times to ensure it goes through
Router
A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Packet
Chunk of data and its metadata, used to route and reassemble information on the Internet.
A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Sends packets slower but with greater accuracy. Numbers packets to keep sender and receiver on the same page. Useful when accuracy is the most important factor
Goal- slower but more accurate
Number packets so they can be re-ordered, confirm all were received, resend any missing packets. Multiple back and forth confirmations between sender and receiver
Useful in real life when accuracy matters more than saving a split second, like sending emails, photos, or just browsing websites
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped
Goal is to send information quickly without worrying about accuracy
How it works- send all the packets but don’t check if they all get through or arrive in the right order
Useful in real life when split seconds matter more than correcting errors, like video conferencing, live streaming, online gaming
Domain Name System (DNS)
The system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
A protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet
World Wide Web (www)
A system of linked pages, programs, and files
Digital Divide
Disparities in access to the internet based on many factors including household income, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and government infrastructure
Creates academic advantages and disadvantages based on Internet access or lack thereof
Physical Network
Physically connecting devices to one another so that information can move through the network.
Fiber optic cables, wifi signals, or copper wires physically connect the computers, smart phones, servers, etc. that make up the Internet. Computers don’t need to be directly connected to each other, just a single point on the network.
IP: Internet Protocol
Uniquely identifying people on the internet and routing messages between them.
Each device on the internet is given a unique IP address. Packets sent on the internet include to and from IP addresses. Routers along the way use this information to move data along a path of direct connections. Routing happens dynamically, meaning the path is unpredictable and changes based on network conditions.
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
Send large messages over the Internet when accuracy is most important. You would either use TCP or UDP.
Messages are divided into packets and sent all at once. Packets are numbered so that they can be re-ordered and missing packets can be requested by the receiver. TCP is slower than UDP because error checking like this takes more time, but it is much more reliable.
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
Send large messages over the Internet when speed is most important. You would either use TCP or UDP.
Messages are divided into packets and sent all at once. There is no error-checking to ensure all packets arrive or that they’re in order. UDP is faster than TCP but more errors are possible. This is useful for streaming video or online gaming because having the picture displayed quickly is more important than it being displayed with a perfectly clear picture.
DNS: Domain Name System
Translate human-readable domains like code.org or example.com into IP addresses that can be used by the Internet.
When you try to go to a domain like example.com, you computer first contacts a system of servers collectively called the DNS which keeps track of the IP addresses associated with each domain name. Communication with DNS servers happens over the Internet, meaning the request to and from servers are sent as TCP/ IP packets.
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Allow computers to request and share webpages, audio, images, videos, and other file types on the Internet, collectively known as the world wide web.
Computers communicate in plain text like GET to request files or send data. The server that receives the request responds with the files requested which are displayed by your browser. HTTP requests are sent between computers over the internet as part of TCP/IP packets. The world wide web is just files that are requested using HTTP and sent over the Internet.
