Ap Chapter 3

Question 1

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance or more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels

Answer 1

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Question 2

The conversion of nitrate in a series of steps into the gases nitrous oxide and, eventually, nitrogen gas, which is emitted into the atmosphere

Answer 2

Denitrification

Question 3

All land in a given landscape that drains into a particular stream, river, lake, or wetland

Answer 3

Watershed

Question 4

The study and implementation of restoring damaged ecosystem

Answer 4

Restore Ecology

Question 5

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers breakdown the organic nitrogen found him dead bodies and waste products and converted into inorganic ammonium

Answer 5

Ammonification

Question 6

Low in oxygen

Answer 6

Hypoxic

Question 7

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

Answer 7

Resilience

Question 8

A rapid increase in the algal population of a waterway

Answer 8

Algal blooms

Question 9

The movement of phosphorus around the biosphere

Answer 9

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 10

The transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via ground water

Answer 10

Leaching

Question 11

A measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem

Answer 11

Resistance

Question 12

In event, caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents, resulting in changes in population size or community composition

Answer 12

Disturbance

Question 13

The movement of sulfur around biosphere

Answer 13

Sulfur cycle

Question 14

The successive of levels of organisms consuming one another

Answer 14

Tropic level

Question 15

A consumer that eats other consumers

Answer 15

Carnivore

Question 16

Consumer that eats producers (herbivore)

Answer 16

Primary consumer

Question 17

In organism that is in capable of photosynthesis and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms (Heterotrophs)

Answer 17

Consumer

Question 18

Process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen

Answer 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 19

The process by which cells unlock the energy of chemical compounds

Answer 19

Cellular respiration

Question 20

Process by which producers use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose

Answer 20

Photosynthesis

Question 21

Process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water

Answer 21

Aerobic respiration

Question 22

Organism that uses the energy of the sun to produce usable forms of energy (autotroph)

Answer 22

Producer

Question 23

Organism that consumes dead animals

Answer 23

Scavenger

Question 24

A complex model of how energy and matter move between trophic levels

Answer 24

Food web

Question 25

Sequence of consumption from producers to Tertiary consumers

Answer 25

Food chain

Question 26

Uses energy of the sun to produce usable forms of energy (producer)

Answer 26

Autotroph

Question 27

In organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles

Answer 27

Detritivore

Question 28

A carnivore that eats secondary consumers

Answer 28

Tertiary consumer

Question 29

The region of our planet where life resides, the combination of all ecosystems on earth

Answer 29

Biosphere

Question 30

Carnivore that eats primary consumers

Answer 30

Secondary consumer

Question 31

Organism in capable of photosynthesis and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms(consumer)

Answer 31

Heterotroph

Question 32

Consumer that eats producers primary consumer

Answer 32

Herbivore

Question 33

A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among trophic levels

Answer 33

Trophic Pyramid

Question 34

The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire

Answer 34

Net primary productivity

Question 35

The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

Answer 35

Gross primary productivity

Question 36

The amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time

Answer 36

Standing crop

Question 37

The process by which producers incorporate elements into their tissues

Answer 37

Assimilation

Question 38

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers breakdown the organic matter found in dead bodies and waste products and convert it into inorganic compounds

Answer 38

Mineralization

Question 39

The movement of matter within and between ecosystems

Answer 39

Biogeochemical cycle One of six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts; nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur

Question 40

The nutrients required for the growth of an organism but available in a lower quantity then other nutrients

Answer 40

Limiting nutrient

Question 41

The movement of water through the biosphere

Answer 41

Hydrologic cycle

Question 42

The movement of carbon around the biosphere

Answer 42

Carbon cycle

Question 43

The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration

Answer 43

Evapotranspiration

Question 44

The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis

Answer 44

Transpiration

Question 45

The total mass of all living matter in a specific area

Answer 45

Biomass

Question 46

The proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another

Answer 46

Ecological efficiency

Question 47

The conversions of ammonia into nitrates and then into nitrate

Answer 47

Nitrification

Question 48

A process by which some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules directly into ammonia

Answer 48

Nitrogen fixation

Question 49

Movement of nitrogen around the biosphere

Answer 49

Nitrogen cycle

Question 50

Fungi and bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem

Answer 50

Decomposer

Question 51

Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers

Answer 51

Run off