AP Biology Vocabulary

Question 1

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 1

a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.

Question 2

Amphipathic

Answer 2

a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties

Question 3

Disaccharide

Answer 3

the sugar is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

Question 4

Ester Bond

Answer 4

a compound derived from an acid in which the hydrogen atom of at least one acidic hydroxyl group of that acid is replaced by an organyl group.

Question 5

Fibrous Protein

Answer 5

contain polypeptide chains organized approximately in parallel along a single axis, producing long fibers or large sheets

Question 6

Globular Protein

Answer 6

spherical proteins and are one of the common protein types.

Question 7

Glycosidic Bond

Answer 7

a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

Question 8

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 8

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 10

Lipid

Answer 10

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Question 11

Macromolecule

Answer 11

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms

Question 12

Monomer

Answer 12

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 13

Monosaccharide

Answer 13

any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.

Question 14

Non-Polar Molecule

Answer 14

one whose charge distribution is spherically symmetric when averaged over time

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.

Question 16

Organic Molecule

Answer 16

all molecules that contain carbon

Question 17

Peptide Bond

Answer 17

an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 of one alpha-amino acid and N2 of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

Question 18

Phospholipid

Answer 18

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 19

Polar Molecule

Answer 19

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative.

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together

Question 21

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 21

a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions, or opens new environmental niches.

Question 22

Allopatric

Answer 22

occurring in separate non-overlapping geographical areas.

Question 23

Analogous Structure

Answer 23

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 24

Artificial Selection

Answer 24

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.