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Spanish > AP Bio Unit 3 Quiz > Flashcards

AP Bio Unit 3 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

all of the chemical reactions in an organism

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2
Q

Metabolic pathways

A

series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules

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3
Q

What are the two types of metabolic pathways?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

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4
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

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5
Q

Anabolic pathways

A

pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

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6
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work

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7
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy associated with motion

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8
Q

thermal energy

A

energy associated with movement of atoms or molecules

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9
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

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10
Q

chemical energy

A

potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

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11
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, energy can be transferred and transformed

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12
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy transformation increase the entropy of the universe

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13
Q

Free Energy

A

Concept used by scientists to determine the likelihood of reactions in organisms, or if the reactions are energetically favorable.

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14
Q

Exergonic Reaction

A

reactions that release energy, spontaneous, ΔG＜0, cellular respiration

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15
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

reactions that absorb energy, reaction is not spontaneous, ΔG＞0, photosynthesis

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16
Q

what 3 kinds of work do cells perform?

A

mechanical, transport, chemical

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17
Q

What is mechanical work?

A

movement (i.e. beating cilia, movement
of chromosomes, contraction of muscle cells)

18
Q

What is transport work?

A

pumping substances across membranes
against spontaneous movement

19
Q

What is chemical work?

A

synthesis of molecules (ie building
polymers from monomers)

20
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate

A

molecule that organisms
use as a source of energy to perform work

21
Q

What does ATP do?

A

ATP couples exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions to power cellular work. Organisms obtain energy by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate in a hydrolysis reaction. ATP → ADP

22
Q

What is phosphorlation?

A

the released phosphate moves
to another molecule to give energy

23
Q

Can ATP be regenerated?

A

ADP can be regenerated to ATP via the ATP
cycle

24
Q

How does cells increase the rate of metabolic reactions?

A

enzymes

25
Q

What are enzymes?

A

macromolecules that
catalyze (speed up) reactions by
lowering the activation energy

26
Q

Induced Fit

A

enzymes will change the shape of their
active site to allow the substrate to bind better

27
Q

enzyme catabolism vs enzyme anabolism

A

enzyme catabolism helps break down complex molecules and enzyme anabolism helps build complex molecules

28
Q

What factors are enzymes effected by?

A

Temperature, pH, chemicals

29
Q

Enzyme cofactors

A

non protein molecules that assist
enzyme function, inorganic cofactors consist of metals, can be bound loosely or tightly

30
Q

Holoenzyme

A

enzyme with cofactor attached to it

31
Q

coenzyme

A

organic cofactors (ie vitamins)

32
Q

enzyme inhibitors

A

reduce the activity of specific
enzymes, inhibition can be permanent or irreversible

33
Q

permanent inhibitation

A

inhibitor binds with covalent bonds (ie toxins and poison)

34
Q

reversible inhabitation

A

inhibitor binds with weak
interactions

35
Q

competitive inhibitors

A

reduce enzyme activity by
blocking substrates from binding to the active site, can be reversed with increased substrate concentrations

36
Q

allosteric regulation

A

molecules bind (noncovalent
interactions) to an allosteric site which changes the shape and function of the active site

37
Q

allosteric activator

A

substrate binds to allosteric
site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so
that the active sites remain open

38
Q

allosteric inhibitor

A

substrate binds to allosteric
site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed (inactive form)

39
Q

Cooperativety

A

substrate binds to one active site
(on an enzyme with more than one active site) which stabilizes the active form

40
Q
A

Spanish (2 decks)

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