AP BIO Unit 3 Exam Flashcards
Alcohol Fermentation
- creates ethanol
- happens to do glycolysis
- happens in the yeast
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- creates lactase
- happens to do glycolysis
- happens in bacteria and human body
What will not work if oxygen is not present?
electron transport chain
endergonic
absorbs energy
exergonic energy
releases energy
photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
cellular respiration equation
C6H16O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
enzymes are made up of what?
amino acids
amino acids are made up of what?
proteins
when does an enzyme denature?
when the pH or temperature changes
what happens when an enzyme denatures?
it prevents hydrogen bonds to be made
what do acids have more of?
hydrogen ions
cofactors
help an enzyme work/function
Where do light dependent reactions occur?
in the chloroplast specifically the thylakoid
what are the protein complexes involved in the light dependent reactions?
photosystem I or photosystem II
what are the molecules and ions involved in the light dependent reactions?
hydrogen ions, electrons, ATP, NADP+, NADPH, oxygen, chlorophyll, and water
where does the calvin cycle occur?
in the chloroplast specifically, the stroma
what are 3 process involved in the calvin cycle?
carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration
why is carbon conserved in the calvin cycle?
because each turn of the cycle incorporates one carbon atom from CO2 into an organic molecule while regenerating RuBP to capture another carbon in the next turn
why can’t the light dependent reactions and the calvin cycle work without each other?
the LDR captures energy from the sunlight and stores it as ATP and NADPH which is used in the CC to convert CO2 into glucose; creating food for plants
