AP Bio Review Flashcards
Primer
short segment of RNA that initiates elongation of new DNA strand during DNA replication
Replication Fork
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are growing.
Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands.
Restriction Enzymes
any of the enzymes that cut nucleic acid at specific restriction sites and produce restriction fragments
Crossing Over
the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
Synapsis
the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
Operon
a group of genes that operate together
Associative Learning
Associating a response with a stimulus even though in nature, that stimulus would not normally produce that response.
Agnostic Behavior
aggressive behaviors used to mark territory/protect or obtain mates.
Endosymbiont theory
the theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.
Adaptive radiation
is the evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor
auxin
a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth
Cytokinins
Stimulates cell division and growth of lateral buds. Causes dormant seeds to sprout.
Gibberellins
stimulate stem elongation and have numerous other effects, such as:
Stimulate the development of fruit
Function in embryos in some of the early events of seed germination
tight junction
tightly stitched seam between animal cells that prevents the passage of materials between the cells
