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Biology > Ap Bio Chapter 3 Water And Life > Flashcards

Ap Bio Chapter 3 Water And Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Why do the electrons of a covalent bond in water molecules spend more time closer to oxygen than to hydrogen ?

A

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen

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1
Q

What does polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in ?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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2
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity in which the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.

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3
Q

What is a polar molecule

A

A molecule that has an unequal sharing of electrons and it overall charge is unevenly distributed

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4
Q

How strong are hydrogen bonds when water is in its liquid form

A

Fragile

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5
Q

What are the four emergent properties of water that contribute to earths suitability for life

A

Cohesive behavior , ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing , and versatility as a solvent

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6
Q

Te quantity of heat required to raise the temperature if 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius

A

Kilocalories

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7
Q

How many calories are equal to one joule

A

0.239cal

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8
Q

How many joules equals one calorie

A

4.184 J

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9
Q

When a sugar cube is dropped into water , what is the solution, the solute and the solvent

A

Water+sugar =solution
Sugar is the solute
Water is solvent , it is aqueous

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10
Q

If water were a universal solvent what would the world be like

A

Everything in water would dissolve including is as well as containers even animals .

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11
Q

How does a non ionic compound dissolve In water

A

Compounds that are made up of non ionic polar molecules dissolve when water molecules surround each of the solute molecules forming hydrogen bonds with then

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12
Q

What is the molecular mass of table sugar (sucrose) C12H22O11, tha mass of carbon is 12, the mass of hydrogen is 1 and the mass of oxygen is 16

A

342 Daltons

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13
Q

Mole (mol)

A

Represents 6.02 X 10^23

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14
Q

How many Dalton’s are in 1 g

A

6.02 X 10^23

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15
Q

What is the advantage of measuring the quantity of chemicals in moles

A

The mole of one substance has exactly the same number of molecules as a mole if any other substance

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16
Q

If a molecular mass of a substance :A is 342 Daltons and substance :B is 10 Daltons , how many grams of a would have the same number of molecules as 10 g of :B

A

342 g

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17
Q

How would we make a liter of solution consisting of 1 mol of sucrose dissolved in water ?

A

Measure out 342 grams of sucrose and then gradually add water while stirring until the sugar was completely Dissolved. Then add enough water to bring the total volume of the solution up to one liter

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18
Q

Viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology

A

Neurobiological approach

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19
Q

Viewing behavior as the product of learning and associations

A

Behavorial approach

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20
Q

We are the end result of all the different events we have been exposed to throughout life and of the types of responses we have made to them

A

Behavorial approach

21
Q

Believing that people are good and capable of helping themselves

A

Humanistic approach

22
Q

We are in control of our destines and all of us can make our lives worthwhile

A

Humanistic approach

23
Q

Believe that the environment does not force us to become anything , instead it acts as a background for our internal growth

A

Humanistic approach

24
Q

A system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces

A

Psychoanalysis

25
Q

Emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics

A

Cognitive approach

26
Q

The most important human ability in this approach is that we can take information from the environment , analyze it and come up with a solution to almost any problem

A

Cognitive approach

27
Q

In a water molecule, which substance is more electronegative

A

Oxygen

28
Q

What are the polar covalent bonds

A

The electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to oxygen than to hydrogen

29
Q

What makes water a polar molecule

A

The unequal sharing of electrons and waters v like shape

30
Q

What is a polar molecule

A

A molecule where it’s overall charge is unevenly distributed

31
Q

Region of a water molecule that has a partial negative charge

A

Oxygen

32
Q

Region of the molecule that has a partially positive charge

A

Hydrogen

33
Q

Why are there charged regions in a water molecule

A

Charged regions in a water molecule are due to its polar covalent bonds

34
Q

Why do hydrogen bonds form in water

A

Oppositely charged regions of neighboring water molecules are attracted to each other forming hydrogen bonds

35
Q

What factors does cohesion due to hydrogen bonding contribute to water

A

It contributes to the transport of water and dissolved nutrients against gravity in plants

36
Q

What role does adhesion play in plants

A

Adhesion of water to cell walls by hydrogen bonds help counter the downward pull of gravity

37
Q

Why does water have a high surface tension

A

Because if the collective strength of its hydrogen bonds

38
Q

How does water moderate air temperature

A

By absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the heat to stored air that is cooler

39
Q

How well a substance resists changing its temperature when it absorbs or releases heat

A

Specific heat

40
Q

What is the relevance of waters high specific heat to life on earth

A

The water that covers much of earth keeps temperature fluctuations on land and in water within limits that permit life. Also because organisms are made primarily of water, they are better able to resist changes in their own temperature than if they were made if a liquid with a lower specific heat

41
Q

What is evaporation

A

The transformation from a liquid to a gas

42
Q

What effects does the high amount of energy required to vaporize water have ?

A

It helps moderate earths climate , plays a part in the formation , accounts for the severity of steam burns,

43
Q

Explain the statement “it’s not the heat ;it’s the humidity “

A

High humidity on a hot day increases discomfort because the high concentration of water vapor in the air inhibits the evaporation of sweat from the body

44
Q

How does compounds made up of non ionic polar molecules dissolve on water

A

Such compounds dissolve when water molecules surround each of the solute molecules an form hydrogen bonds with them

45
Q

What would cause an aqueous solution to have an imbalance in H+ and OH- concentrations

A

When acids dissolve in water they donate additional H+ to the solution

46
Q

How do bases reduce the H+ concentration directly

A

By accepting hydrogen ions

47
Q

How do bases reduce H+ concentration indirectly

A

Dissociating to for hydroxide ions, which combine with hydrogen ions to form water

48
Q

A solution with a higher concentration of OH- than H+

A

Basic solutions

49
Q

Solution where the H+ and OH- concentrations are equal

A

Neutral

Biology (2 decks)

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