AP Bio 6 Quizlet Flashcards
A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.
motor proteins
A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. It has two centrioles.
centrosome
located in centrosome near nucleus and aids in cell division in animal cells only
centrioles
whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
flagella
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
cilia
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape.
cell wall
The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cells and provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
extracellular matrix
organelle containing enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide made by some cells as a metabolic byproduct
peroxisome
the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells
organelles
semifluid, jellylike substance of the cytoplasm in which subcellular components are suspended
cytosol
cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
eukaryotic cell
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
prokaryotic cell
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
plasma membrane
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cytoplasm
A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the chromosome/ DNA is concentrated.
nucleoid
Control center of the cell; in a eukaryote contains the genetic material
nucleus
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell
nuclear envelope
A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.
nuclear lamina
The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers
chromatin
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
chromosomes
site in nucleus where rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly occur
nucleolus
A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
ribosomes
A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
vesicle
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
endoplasmic reticula
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. Makes lipids and detoxifies substances.
smooth ER
a small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell
transport vesicles
ER that is dotted with ribosomes; makes proteins to be secreted by cell or become part of the plasma membrane
rough ER
organelle consisting of sacs that package, modify, store, and route products of the ER
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-enclosed sac of digestive/hydrolytic enzymes that break down wastes, food, worn-out organelles, and other substances.
lysosome
A membrane-bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells.
vacuoles
A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell
food vacuoles
A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.
contractile vacuole
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production; is the site of cellular respiration
mitochondrion
in a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances
central vacuole
organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight to synthesize organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis
chloroplast
The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.
endosymbiont theory
A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food.
plastids
A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, signaling, and transport functions.
cytoskeleton
A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
endomembrane system
