AP 2-Exam 1 Flashcards
hepatic macrophages
Kupffer cells
SaO2
arterial oxygen saturation
T cells
the type of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells and cells infected by viruses
memory B
remain in the lymphoid tissues and initiate a secondary response so that pathogens are destroyed before signs and symptoms of the disease appear
normal range of albumin in blood
3.2 - 5 g/dl
HDL
high density lipoprotein-good cholesterol
the normal HCO3 in blood
22-26 mEq/L
monophyletic
the theory proposes that one stem cells serves as the precursor cell for all the formed elements
erythema
a red flushing of the skin that is caused by the dilation of skin capillaries containing oxygenated hemoglobin
has purple-blue granules
basophil
type 3 pneumocytes
histiocytes
inconspicuous granules
neutrophils contain these granules in the cytoplasm
cells that attack foreign cells and virus infected cells and act as a natural defense against cancer, responsbile for immunological surveillance
Natural killer cells
neutrophils diameter
10-14 microns
a chemical mediator in basophils that decreases platelet counts
heparin
these cells are found to be decreased in number in patients suffering from lupus
supressor T
these cells are the largest white blood cells
monocytes
antibody mediated immunity is provided by
memory B cells
cell mediated immunity is provided by
killer T cells
Hbs
sickle cell hemoglobin
induced erythrocythemia
blood doping
characterized by an increased number of granulocytes
myelogenous leukemia
normal level of glycosylated hemoglobin
4-6%
characterized by abnormally small cells that contain low levels of hemoglobin
microcytic anemia
Warfarin
coumadin
LMWH
low molecular weight heparins/Lovenox
this class of drugs is effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels and interrupt the formation of cholesterol from the circulating blood
statins
TPA
tissue plasmiogen activator
agglutination
platelet clumping
1st stage of the blood clotting process
Aspririn inhibits clumping
a normal platelet count
125k-250k
agranulocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
leukocytes that provide a very small source of serotonin
basophil
found in lung
alveolar macrophaes
leukocytes that have a horseshoe shaped nucelus
monocytes
amount of basophil to granulocytes
.5%
immature erythrocytes that are anucleate but restore volume
reticulocytes
venous blood color
dark purple-red
erythrocyte thickness
7.5 microns
normal range of triglycerides
45-155 mg/dl
immunoglobulins found in plasma
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgM
PTT
partial thromboplastin times
% plasma in blood
55%
globulin % to plasma protein
36%
malignant hyperthermia can be induced by
halothane
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
bad cholesterol
normal level of alkaline phosphates in adults between the ages of 25-60
33-131 IU/L
a mast cell when intravascular
basophil
carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin
250x faster than oxygen
this leukocyte has red staining granules
esosinophil
a specialized macrophage found in the CNS
microglia
these formed elements are characterized by a ring of cyotplasm
granulocytes
a device put on a patients fingertip to measure saturations
fingertip oximeter
decreased platelet count
thrombocytopenia
the large marrow cells that platelets break away from
megakaryocytes
HbS patients have an immunity to ? and have ? immunity
malaria/genetic
oral anticoagulant can only be used in vivo
coumadin
a stroke
cerebral vascular accidents (CVA)
the gold standard of antiplatelet drugs
aspirin
Proplex, Amicar, and Avitene
hemostatic agents
iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency
hematinic agents
characterized by an increased number of lymphocytes
lymphocytic leukemia
% of black population that carry the sickle cell trait
8-10%
the condition when there are too many platelets in present in the blood
thrombocytosis
large numbers of infectious mononucleosis
atypical monocytes
leukocytes that are also known as eosinophils
acidophil
a mast cell is also known as
basophil
the rarest leukocyte
basophil
the duration of development of a basophil
3-7 days
normal blodd value for iron
65-150 mcg/dl
total cholesterol
<200 mg/dl
the precursor of fibrin
fibrinogen
normal PCO2 in arterial blood
35-45 mm/Hg
produced by the liver from the end products of lipid metabolism
endogenous lipids
the insoluble form of fibrinogen that forms a scab
fibrin
TIBC
total iron binding capacity
produced when carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
two types of B cells
memory
plasma
four types of T cells
helper
killer
memory
suppressor
result in a runny nose and watery eyes
increased histamine
an organelle that breaks up foreign bodies
lyosome
normal range of eosinophils
100-400 mm3
defines AIDS
a helper T cell <200mm3
moving clots
embolus
abnormal refill times can indicate
dehydration
abnormally large cells produced by either a deficiency of b12 or Folic acid
macrocytic anemia
b12 deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
macrocytic
an anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K synthesis
coumadin
administered to lower triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as raise HDL cholesterol
nicotinic acid
a protein that functions in the prevention of fibrin clot formation
plasminogen
proteins that bind to antigens
antibodies
NK cells comprise % of circulating lymphocytes
5-10%
are granulocytes that are anti-parasitic
eosinophils
the process of moving from vessels into connective tissue
diapedesis
the first leukocyte at the site of infection
neutrophils
the approx. life span of erythrocytes
120 days
epoitetin alpha sitmulates rbc production
apocrit
red marrow
myeloid tissue
formed elements % of blood volume
45%
formed elements
RBC-erythrocytes
WBC-leukocytes
Platelets-thrombocytes
most abundant cells
RBC
hemoglobin
iron-containing protein pigment
facilitates the transportation of oxygen by reversibly binding to it
greatly increasing the solubility of oxygen in blood
clear extracellular fluid that makes up the matrix of blood
plasma
3 plasma proteins
albumin-60%
globulin-36%
fibrinogen-4%
smallest and most abundant plasma protein
albumin
classes of globulins
alpha, beta, gamma
the process by which the blood cells are created
erythropoiesis
hemocytoblasts
CFU-S
produce erythroblasts, producing reticulocytes, which then mature into erythrocytes
a hormone secreted by the kidneys and the liver stimulates the production of mature erythrocytes from precursor cells
erythropoietin (EPO)
blue tinted skin, caused by the presence of hemoglobin lacking oxygen
cyanosis
macrophages
alveolar-dust cell, type 3 pneumocyte, lung
kupffer-liver
microglia-CNS
rarest lobed nucleus leukocyte and makes up 5% of granulocytes
basophil
3 secretory granules from basophil
heparin
histamine
serotonin
neurotransmitter which controls one’s moods
serotonin; basophils are very small source of serotonin
found in eosinophils, absorb fluid back into blood, increasing blood volume and thereby, increasing blood pressure
antihistamines
anti-coagulant that decrease platelet counts, clotting and is a chemical mediator
heparin
cell eaters, they engulf foreign bodies
phagocytic
engulf a foreign body and releases it into the lymphatic system
phagocytizes
leukocyte has bi-lobed nucleus and makes up approx. 1.5% of granulocytes
eosinophils
basophils that are moved into connective tissue
mast cell (histiocyte)
types of agranulocytes
monocytes
lymphocytes
types of lymphocytes
T cells-thymus dependent
B cells-bone marrow-derived
NK cells
approx. % of T cells in circulating lymphocytes
66%
