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biology 169 > AP 2-Exam 1 > Flashcards

AP 2-Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

hepatic macrophages

A

Kupffer cells

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2
Q

SaO2

A

arterial oxygen saturation

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3
Q

T cells

A

the type of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells and cells infected by viruses

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4
Q

memory B

A

remain in the lymphoid tissues and initiate a secondary response so that pathogens are destroyed before signs and symptoms of the disease appear

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5
Q

normal range of albumin in blood

A

3.2 - 5 g/dl

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6
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein-good cholesterol

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7
Q

the normal HCO3 in blood

A

22-26 mEq/L

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8
Q

monophyletic

A

the theory proposes that one stem cells serves as the precursor cell for all the formed elements

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9
Q

erythema

A

a red flushing of the skin that is caused by the dilation of skin capillaries containing oxygenated hemoglobin

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10
Q

has purple-blue granules

A

basophil

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11
Q

type 3 pneumocytes

A

histiocytes

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12
Q

inconspicuous granules

A

neutrophils contain these granules in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

cells that attack foreign cells and virus infected cells and act as a natural defense against cancer, responsbile for immunological surveillance

A

Natural killer cells

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14
Q

neutrophils diameter

A

10-14 microns

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15
Q

a chemical mediator in basophils that decreases platelet counts

A

heparin

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16
Q

these cells are found to be decreased in number in patients suffering from lupus

A

supressor T

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17
Q

these cells are the largest white blood cells

A

monocytes

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18
Q

antibody mediated immunity is provided by

A

memory B cells

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19
Q

cell mediated immunity is provided by

A

killer T cells

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20
Q

Hbs

A

sickle cell hemoglobin

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21
Q

induced erythrocythemia

A

blood doping

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22
Q

characterized by an increased number of granulocytes

A

myelogenous leukemia

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23
Q

normal level of glycosylated hemoglobin

A

4-6%

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24
Q

characterized by abnormally small cells that contain low levels of hemoglobin

A

microcytic anemia

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25
Q

Warfarin

A

coumadin

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26
Q

LMWH

A

low molecular weight heparins/Lovenox

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27
Q

this class of drugs is effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels and interrupt the formation of cholesterol from the circulating blood

A

statins

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28
Q

TPA

A

tissue plasmiogen activator

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29
Q

agglutination

A

platelet clumping
1st stage of the blood clotting process
Aspririn inhibits clumping

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30
Q

a normal platelet count

A

125k-250k

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31
Q

agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

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32
Q

leukocytes that provide a very small source of serotonin

A

basophil

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33
Q

found in lung

A

alveolar macrophaes

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34
Q

leukocytes that have a horseshoe shaped nucelus

A

monocytes

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35
Q

amount of basophil to granulocytes

A

.5%

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36
Q

immature erythrocytes that are anucleate but restore volume

A

reticulocytes

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37
Q

venous blood color

A

dark purple-red

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38
Q

erythrocyte thickness

A

7.5 microns

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39
Q

normal range of triglycerides

A

45-155 mg/dl

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40
Q

immunoglobulins found in plasma

A

IgG
IgE
IgA
IgM

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41
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin times

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42
Q

% plasma in blood

A

55%

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43
Q

globulin % to plasma protein

A

36%

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44
Q

malignant hyperthermia can be induced by

A

halothane

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45
Q

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

bad cholesterol

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46
Q

normal level of alkaline phosphates in adults between the ages of 25-60

A

33-131 IU/L

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47
Q

a mast cell when intravascular

A

basophil

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48
Q

carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin

A

250x faster than oxygen

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49
Q

this leukocyte has red staining granules

A

esosinophil

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50
Q

a specialized macrophage found in the CNS

A

microglia

51
Q

these formed elements are characterized by a ring of cyotplasm

A

granulocytes

52
Q

a device put on a patients fingertip to measure saturations

A

fingertip oximeter

53
Q

decreased platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

54
Q

the large marrow cells that platelets break away from

A

megakaryocytes

55
Q

HbS patients have an immunity to ? and have ? immunity

A

malaria/genetic

56
Q

oral anticoagulant can only be used in vivo

A

coumadin

57
Q

a stroke

A

cerebral vascular accidents (CVA)

58
Q

the gold standard of antiplatelet drugs

A

aspirin

59
Q

Proplex, Amicar, and Avitene

A

hemostatic agents

60
Q

iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency

A

hematinic agents

61
Q

characterized by an increased number of lymphocytes

A

lymphocytic leukemia

62
Q

% of black population that carry the sickle cell trait

A

8-10%

63
Q

the condition when there are too many platelets in present in the blood

A

thrombocytosis

64
Q

large numbers of infectious mononucleosis

A

atypical monocytes

65
Q

leukocytes that are also known as eosinophils

A

acidophil

66
Q

a mast cell is also known as

A

basophil

67
Q

the rarest leukocyte

A

basophil

68
Q

the duration of development of a basophil

A

3-7 days

69
Q

normal blodd value for iron

A

65-150 mcg/dl

70
Q

total cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dl

71
Q

the precursor of fibrin

A

fibrinogen

72
Q

normal PCO2 in arterial blood

A

35-45 mm/Hg

73
Q

produced by the liver from the end products of lipid metabolism

A

endogenous lipids

74
Q

the insoluble form of fibrinogen that forms a scab

A

fibrin

75
Q

TIBC

A

total iron binding capacity

76
Q

produced when carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin

A

carbaminohemoglobin

77
Q

two types of B cells

A

memory

plasma

78
Q

four types of T cells

A

helper
killer
memory
suppressor

79
Q

result in a runny nose and watery eyes

A

increased histamine

80
Q

an organelle that breaks up foreign bodies

A

lyosome

81
Q

normal range of eosinophils

A

100-400 mm3

82
Q

defines AIDS

A

a helper T cell <200mm3

83
Q

moving clots

A

embolus

84
Q

abnormal refill times can indicate

A

dehydration

85
Q

abnormally large cells produced by either a deficiency of b12 or Folic acid

A

macrocytic anemia

86
Q

b12 deficiency anemia

A

pernicious anemia

87
Q

folic acid deficiency anemia

A

macrocytic

88
Q

an anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K synthesis

A

coumadin

89
Q

administered to lower triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as raise HDL cholesterol

A

nicotinic acid

90
Q

a protein that functions in the prevention of fibrin clot formation

A

plasminogen

91
Q

proteins that bind to antigens

A

antibodies

92
Q

NK cells comprise % of circulating lymphocytes

A

5-10%

93
Q

are granulocytes that are anti-parasitic

A

eosinophils

94
Q

the process of moving from vessels into connective tissue

A

diapedesis

95
Q

the first leukocyte at the site of infection

A

neutrophils

96
Q

the approx. life span of erythrocytes

A

120 days

97
Q

epoitetin alpha sitmulates rbc production

A

apocrit

98
Q

red marrow

A

myeloid tissue

99
Q

formed elements % of blood volume

A

45%

100
Q

formed elements

A

RBC-erythrocytes
WBC-leukocytes
Platelets-thrombocytes

101
Q

most abundant cells

A

RBC

102
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-containing protein pigment
facilitates the transportation of oxygen by reversibly binding to it
greatly increasing the solubility of oxygen in blood

103
Q

clear extracellular fluid that makes up the matrix of blood

A

plasma

104
Q

3 plasma proteins

A

albumin-60%
globulin-36%
fibrinogen-4%

105
Q

smallest and most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

106
Q

classes of globulins

A

alpha, beta, gamma

107
Q

the process by which the blood cells are created

A

erythropoiesis

108
Q

hemocytoblasts

A

CFU-S

produce erythroblasts, producing reticulocytes, which then mature into erythrocytes

109
Q

a hormone secreted by the kidneys and the liver stimulates the production of mature erythrocytes from precursor cells

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

110
Q

blue tinted skin, caused by the presence of hemoglobin lacking oxygen

A

cyanosis

111
Q

macrophages

A

alveolar-dust cell, type 3 pneumocyte, lung
kupffer-liver
microglia-CNS

112
Q

rarest lobed nucleus leukocyte and makes up 5% of granulocytes

A

basophil

113
Q

3 secretory granules from basophil

A

heparin
histamine
serotonin

114
Q

neurotransmitter which controls one’s moods

A

serotonin; basophils are very small source of serotonin

115
Q

found in eosinophils, absorb fluid back into blood, increasing blood volume and thereby, increasing blood pressure

A

antihistamines

116
Q

anti-coagulant that decrease platelet counts, clotting and is a chemical mediator

A

heparin

117
Q

cell eaters, they engulf foreign bodies

A

phagocytic

118
Q

engulf a foreign body and releases it into the lymphatic system

A

phagocytizes

119
Q

leukocyte has bi-lobed nucleus and makes up approx. 1.5% of granulocytes

A

eosinophils

120
Q

basophils that are moved into connective tissue

A

mast cell (histiocyte)

121
Q

types of agranulocytes

A

monocytes

lymphocytes

122
Q

types of lymphocytes

A

T cells-thymus dependent
B cells-bone marrow-derived
NK cells

123
Q

approx. % of T cells in circulating lymphocytes

A

66%

biology 169 (1 decks)

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