AP Flashcards
What was the Enlightenment?
An 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason,
individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
Which philosopher is known for the idea of separation of powers?
Montesquieu.
What did John Locke advocate regarding government and natural rights?
He believed in the social contract and that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
How did the Enlightenment influence political revolutions?
It inspired movements like the American and French Revolutions by
promoting ideas of liberty, equality, and democratic governance.
What is Voltaire known for advocating?
Freedom of speech and religion.
Which work by Jean-Jacques
Rousseau discusses the concept of the general will?
“The Social Contract.”
What economic theory did Adam
Smith promote in “The Wealth of Nations”?
Laissez-faire capitalism and the idea of the invisible hand guiding the free market.
How did Enlightenment ideas
challenge the traditional social hierarchy?
By promoting the notion that all men are created equal, undermining the legitimacy of monarchies and aristocracies.
What role did salons play during the Enlightenment?
They were social gatherings where intellectuals discussed and spread
Enlightenment deas.
How did the Enlightenment contribute to secularism?
By encouraging a worldview that separated religion from politics and education, emphasizing reason over religious dogma.
