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Hesi 2024 > AP > Flashcards

AP Flashcards

1
Q

What is a characteristic of viral herpes?

A

Skin eruption

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2
Q

When a boxer gets hit & had a deviated septum

A

Vomer (in nose)

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3
Q

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory ?

A

Pharynx

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4
Q

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?

A

Arm, inability to adduct arms & fingers

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5
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone ?

A

Hypoid bone

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6
Q

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

A

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function.

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7
Q

Diet is important because bone are storage places for?

A

Calcium & phosphorus

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8
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproduction system & urinary system?

A

Urethra

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9
Q

Ligaments provide which connection?

A

Bone to bone

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10
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation cause by which molecule?

A

Lactic acid

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11
Q

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in respond to a decrease in calcium in blood?

A

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid

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12
Q

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in respond to a decrease in calcium in blood?

A

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid

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13
Q

Sweat on the skin’s surface cool’s the body through which process?

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

When assessing a female client who describes herself as vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eastern a large amount of ?

A

Carrot & squash

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15
Q

Which hand position describes anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward ?

A

Palms facing anterior

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16
Q

Which structure is a ball & socket Joint ?

A

Shoulder

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17
Q

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus and stapes

A

Skull/ ear

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18
Q

What are cells grouped together called?

A

Tissue

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19
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery ?

A

Popliteal

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20
Q

Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete ?

A

Earwax

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint in the elbow?

A

Hinge

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22
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated/increased?

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

A

Oral cavity

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24
Q

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

A

Plasma membrane

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25
Q

The mediastinum is located within which cavity ?

A

Thoracic cavity

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26
Q

What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

A

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

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27
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted ?

A

H20 is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

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28
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

A

Blood clotting

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29
Q

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of the lower extremity?

A

Vastus lateralis

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30
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum?

A

Xiphoid process

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31
Q

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

A

Head/Skull

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32
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland”?

A

Pituitary Gland

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34
Q

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

A

Ligament

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35
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

A

Eccrine gland (Merocrine/ Sweat gland)

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36
Q

Which statement are true about bone?

A

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphyseal (end to bone), Diaphysis (shaft to bone)

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36
Q

The malleus, incus, and stapes are located in which part of the body?

A

Ear

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37
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

A

Eye (in front of eye, between lens and cornea )

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38
Q

Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

A

Foot

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39
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart.

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40
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

A

Temporal lobe

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41
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

A

Cochlea

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42
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

A

Fallopian tubes ( also known as uterine tubes)

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43
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

A

Lower leg

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44
Q

The mitral valve is located between which two structures ?

A

left ventricle and left atrium

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44
Q

An overproduction of cerumen (earwax( can accumulate in which area?

A

external Ear and canals

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45
Q

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

A

smell

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46
Q

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena Cava

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47
Q

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

A

estrogen & progesterone

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48
Q

plane divides the body into left and right sides?

A

Sagittal

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49
Q

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

A

PNS & CNS (peripheral & central)

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50
Q

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus? What area is he describing?

A

Epiphysis

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51
Q

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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52
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of the arms & legs away from midline of the body?

A

Abduction (AB = away from)

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53
Q

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

A

carotid artery

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54
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

oxytocin & ADN (antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

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55
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

carries oxygen

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56
Q

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

A

up in C02 and down in 02

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57
Q

Which condition causes a client to say “ I cant see far away”

A

Nearsightedness (think opposite, far is near and near is far)

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58
Q

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

A

packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell & synthesize carbs and glycoproteins

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59
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

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60
Q

Fertilization occurs in the ?

A

Oviduct

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61
Q

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

A

Testosterone & Estrogen

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62
Q

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

A

Median cubital

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63
Q

Increase in rate of breathing results in what blood PH change?

A

Alkalosis

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64
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates balance & thermoregulation

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65
Q

How many carbs per gram do carbs contain?

A

4

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66
Q

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?

A

Osmosis

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67
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

Body becomes more acidic

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68
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?

A

Lumbar

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69
Q

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

A

Potassium

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70
Q

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

A

Renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)

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71
Q

what gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

A

thyroid gland

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72
Q

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

A

Macrophages & Neutrophils

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73
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?

A

Retina

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74
Q

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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75
Q

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

A

Small Intestine

76
Q

The organ of corti is located in the ?

A

Ear

77
Q

The rough ER functions in the humans cells to?

A

Synthesize proteins

78
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

A

protein

79
Q

What is the definition of chyme?

A

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.

80
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers

81
Q

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen & progesterone?

A

Ovaries

82
Q

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

A

Cilia

83
Q

Which is a hollow organ?

A

Gallbladder

84
Q

Which muscle(s)is included in the quad femoris group?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

85
Q

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

A

Medulla Oblongata

86
Q

A client has a large pituitary tumor, what part of the body does this effect?

A

low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, and vision problems

87
Q

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

A

red bone marrow

88
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?

A

Blood pressure rises and goose bumps

89
Q

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

A

Dorsal

90
Q

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

A

Thoracic

91
Q

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

A

External auditory canal & middle ear

92
Q

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

93
Q

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

A

Thymus

94
Q

Calcaneus is located in the?

A

Foot

95
Q

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to ?

A

Expel waste

96
Q

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

A

Corpus luteum

97
Q

What are finger prints made of

A

Friction ridges

98
Q

ABCD of cancer?

A

Melanoma

99
Q

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found?

A

Pelvic region

100
Q

Which one up angle at the joint ?

A

Extensor

101
Q

Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?

A

Oxytocin & ADH (also known as Vasopressin)

102
Q

Order of organization of living things?

HINT “Any Mighty Organism Can Typically Organize Organ Systems, Promoting Community Efforts, Biomes, Biospheres”

A

Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, biosphere

103
Q

All living things are made up of ?

A

Cells

104
Q

All living things are made up of ?

A

Cells

105
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible and the clavicles

106
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible and the clavicles

107
Q

Most obvious skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

108
Q

Active transports requires?

A

Requires energy (ATP) from cell

109
Q

Passive transport?

A

Does not require energy (ATP)

110
Q

Diffusion is ?

A

Passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient low to high concentration

111
Q

Osmosis is ?

A

Movement of water across the a membrane (high to low concentration)

112
Q

Fibrous joint are?

A

Stationary & held together by ligaments only (ex teeth in a socket)

113
Q

Cartilaginous is?

A

Connection between articulating bones made of cartilage

114
Q

Synovial joints are ?

A

Freely mobile (ex: hinge, pivot, saddle)

115
Q

Types of asexual reproduction?

A

Binary fission & mitosis

116
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

117
Q

Calciferol (aka vitamin d) is controlled by?

A

Parathyroid hormone

118
Q

Sebaceous gland function?

A

Secretes oil

119
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Engulfs and bring in (endo =internal)

120
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Fuses with plasma membrane & release contents outside the cell (exo = exit )

121
Q

Pituitary gland produces?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone & growth hormone

122
Q

What does the adrenal gland secrete ?

A

Cortisol & Aldosterone

123
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

A

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbo dioxide, water and energy

124
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

A

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbo dioxide, water and energy

125
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces?

A

Energy & uses glucose, but produces less energy and does not require oxygen

126
Q

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

127
Q

Aerobic respirations happens in the presence of ?

A

Oxygen

128
Q

What is the soft spot on the baby’s head ?

A

Fontanelle

129
Q

Layers of the epidermis? (Superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

130
Q

Top of the sternum is called?

A

Manubrium

131
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, body , xiphoid process

132
Q

What makes up lost plasma

A

Water

133
Q

Polypeptides are ?

A

Chains of amino acids

134
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of cell division that occurs in 5 stages before pinching 2 daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

135
Q

What is meiosis ?

A

Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells

136
Q

Photosynthesis is?

A
  • Precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process
  • Uses sunlight to synthesize foods from CO 2 and H 2 O
  • Generates oxygen as a byproduct.
137
Q

Ribs are attached to the?

A

Sternum

138
Q

A auricle is?

A

A thin pouch in the heart

139
Q

Inspiration is ___ and Expiration is?

A

Inspiration = inhale & Expiration = exhale

140
Q

What separates the Abdominal & thoracic cavity?

A

Diaphragm

141
Q

The distal convoluted tubule is controlled by?

A

-Reabsorbing calcium, sodium, and chloride and regulates the pH of urine by secreting
protons and absorbing bicarbonate
- Works with hormone Aldosterone

142
Q

HCL is a chemical in the stomach, why is it not absorbed or cause harm to the stomach?

A

Mucus lining protects it

143
Q

Largest layer in the heart?

A

Left ventricle

144
Q

What makes colors of the skin?

A

Melanin. (we all have the same # of melanocytes, it is the amount of melanin that determines
our color)

145
Q

Oxytocin is?

A

Produced by: Hypothalamus & Released by: Posterior pituitary

146
Q

Ligaments are?

A

Bone to bone

147
Q

Tendons are?

A

Bone to muscle

148
Q

Osteocytes are?

A
  • Bone forming cells
  • Form bone to some degree, maintain strength & health of the bone matrix
  • Occupies small chamber called lacuna
149
Q

4 steps of bone ossification?

A

Hematoma formation, Callus formation, Ossification, Bone remodeling

150
Q

Gall bladder is part of?

A

Digestive system

151
Q

Vastus lateralis extends?

A

Extends & stabilizes the knee

152
Q

Muscle contraction that moves food through digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis

153
Q

Schwann cells are located in?

A

Peripheral nervous system

154
Q

How does Nervous system work with Muscular system?

A

Tells muscles how to respond to environment

155
Q

Somatic Nervous System?

A
  • Part of PNS associated with the VOLUNTARY CONTROL of body movements via skeletal
    muscles.
  • Consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, & efferent nerves or motor nerves
156
Q

Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  • Regulates a variety of body process that takes place without conscious effort.
  • Part of the PNS& is responsible for regulating INVOLUNTARY body functions, such as
    heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, and digestion
157
Q

Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth?

A

Endocrine system

158
Q

How does lymph work with circulatory?

A

Lymph draws excess fluid from cells & deposits it into blood vessels

159
Q

What is the function of parathyroid?

A

Activation of vitamin D

160
Q

What is a normal heart beat?

A

72 bpm 120 over 80

161
Q

How is pepsin used in the body?

A
  • Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides
  • It is produced in the stomach & is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive
    systems
162
Q

Which system produces antibodies?

A

Lymphatic system

163
Q

Blood that has supplied nutrients & Oxygen to heart muscle returns to right atrium via?

A

Coronary sinus

164
Q

Blood in the pulmonary veins return to the?

A

Left Atrium

165
Q

Diploid has __ chromosomes? (MITOSIS)

A

46 chromosomes

166
Q

Haploid has __ chromosomes? (MEIOSIS)

A

23 chromosomes

167
Q

Mitosis produces?

A

2 Diploid cells

168
Q

Meiosis produces?

A

4 Haploid cells

169
Q

Skeletal system function?

A

Protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood

170
Q

Efferent neurons are?

A

Motor neurons that carry neural impulses AWAY from the CNS & towards muscles to cause
movement.

171
Q

Afferent neurons are?

A

Sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the CNS & brain

172
Q

Gametes are?

A
  • Mature haploid male or female germ cell which are able to unite with another of the
    opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
  • Male or female reproductive cell that contains half the genetic material of the organism.
  • Are an organism's reproductivecells. They are also referred to as sexcells.
    Femalegametesare called ova or eggcells, and malegametesare called sperm.
  • Gametesare HAPLOIDcells (Meiosis), & eachcellcarries ONLY ONE copy of each
    chromosome.
173
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Carry blood AWAY from body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen & waste

174
Q

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere & blood through the alveoli called?

A

External respiration (exhaling)

175
Q

Theexchange of gases betweenthebloodand tissuecellsis?

A

Internal respiration (inhaling)

176
Q

Ovum can be described as?

A

A mature female reproductive cell & can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after
fertilization by male cell

177
Q

What are the two functions of the male & female sex organs?

A

Production of gametes & production of hormones

178
Q

Which tissues serves as the framework by providing support & structure for organs?

A

Connective tissue

179
Q

What are the glands of the skin that produce a thin, watery secretion?

A

Eccrine Glands (aka Sweat glands or Merocrine glands)

180
Q

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of
the following?

A

Neurons

181
Q

Monocytes become?

A

Macrophages

182
Q

Lymphocytes are?

A
  • White blood cells that are also one of the body's main types of immune cells
  • They are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue
  • Defend the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, & cancer cells that can
    threaten its functioning
183
Q

Neutrophils are?

A

A WBC (White blood cell) that Phagocytize microorganisms

184
Q

In order for inhalation to occur?

A

Contraction of diaphragm, which enlarges chest cavity and draws in air

185
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

186
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Fallopian tubes

187
Q

Cellular contact is important for?

A

Wound healing

188
Q

The most abundant tissue is?

A

connective tissue

Hesi 2024 (2 decks)

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