AP Flashcards
How does clindamycin work?
Antibiotics that inhibits bacterial protein synhesis
Common side effects of clindamycin
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Rash
What is clindamycin used for?
Bacterial infections
Clindamycin cautions?
Risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (c-diff)
Setraline mechanism of action?
SSRI (antidepressant), affects neurotransmitters in the brain.
Setraline side effects
Nausea
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
What is sertraline used?
Depression
Anxiety
OCD
Cautions of sertraline
Suicidal thoughts
Serotonin syndrome
First line medications for severe ear infection and why?
Amoxicillin because is it well tolerated and has lower risk of developing antibiotic resistance
Medication used for patient with severe ear infection when allergic to penicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Amoxicillin common side effects
Diarrhoea, nausea, rash, abdominal pain
Nasal congestion with a history of hypertension treatment? And why
Oxymetazoline, provides vasoconstriction without affecting the blood pressure
Nasal congestion first line treatment?
Common side effects?
Pseudoephedrine
Insomnia, increased HR, restlessness
Allergic rhinitis first line treatment for paediatric patient and potential side effects
Loratadine
Drowsiness, headaches and abdominal pain
Loratadine mechanism of action and contraindication?
It blocks the action of histamine released by targeting H1 histamine receptor
It cannot be used during pregnancy
Which corticosteroid is commonly used intranasally for nasal polyps, and what are the potential side effects?
Triamcinolone/mometasone
Nasal irritation, nose bleeds, headaches
What medication would you recommend for the management of GERD-related throat irritation, and how does it work?
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Omeprazole
Reduced gastric acid production by inhibiting proton pump in the stomach lining
What antihistamine is often used to manage vertigo, and what side effects should be discussed with the patient?
Meclizine is commonly used to manage vertigo.
Side effects may include drowsiness, dry mouth, and blurred vision.
A child is diagnosed with otitis media. What antibiotic is commonly prescribed as the first-line treatment,
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin mechanism of action?
It inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis
A patient complains of severe ear pain due to otitis externa. What topical medication is typically recommended?
Cirpofloxacin otic drops
Ciprofloxicin mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
Mometasone, a corticosteroid, mechanism of action?-
Anti-inflammatory, reduces nasal swelling
patient presents with vertigo. What antihistamine is often prescribed, and what is its mechanism of action?
Meclizine, blocks histamine receptors, reducing vertigo symptoms
A patient with a sore throat is seeking relief. What local anesthetic is commonly used, and what is its mechanism of action?
Lidocaine, blocks nerve signals, providing temporary pain relief
A patient with chronic cough needs an expectorant. What medication is typically recommended, and what is its mechanism of action?
Guaifenesin, breaks down and thins mucus in the airways
A patient is experiencing persistent nasal congestion, and decongestant tablets are being considered. What is a common decongestant, and what is its mechanism of action?
Pseudoephedrine, alpha-andregenic agonist
A patient is diagnosed with a fungal ear infection. What antifungal medication is typically prescribed, and what is its mechanism of action?
Clotrimazole, Inhibits fungal cell membrane synthesis
