AOS1p2

Question 1

Non-state actors

Answer 1

non state actors refer to actors within global politics that are not states, but nonetheless have influence

Question 2

Amnesty International

Answer 2

Amnesty International is a London-based NGO that focuses on promoting human rights

Question 3

Amnesty International aim #1

Answer 3

To defend fundamental human rights

Question 4

Amnesty International aim #2

Answer 4

To ensure and protect the rights of refugees

Question 5

Amnesty International role #1

Answer 5

Research: collects evidence of human rights abuses around the world and publish credible and reliable reports

Question 6

Amnesty International role #2

Answer 6

Campaigning and action: seeks to change public opinion through establishing public campaigns and movements

Question 7

Amnesty International research role success

Answer 7

Violence against women in sweden: In 2017, Amnesty International produced reports of violence against women in Sweden, showing how out of the reported 3000 rapes, only 3% of them were convicted. In 2018, Sweden passed a new law recognising sex without consent is rape, demonstrating Amnesty International’s indirect political power enabling them to achieve their aim of defending human rights

Question 8

Amnesty International research role failure

Answer 8

Myanmar Coup: In 2019 Amnesty International posted a report of the human rights abuses by the Myanmar military, who in 2021, took power through a coup. The Myanmar leaders shut off access to the internet, deeming Amnesty International’s reports useless and uninfluential.

Question 9

How Amnesty International undermines sovereignty

Answer 9

right to non-intervention is challenged, as through indirect political power the government is unable to make decisions without the partial influence of the NGO

Question 10

Effects of technology

Answer 10

• rise in social media affords Amnesty International more influence

Question 11

Terrorism Definition

Answer 11

Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence, seeking to instill fear and terror, against individuals and property in an attempt to intimidate governments or societies to achieve particular ideological or political objectives.

Question 12

Islamic State

Answer 12

ISIS is an Islamist militant jihadist group that follows a Salafi jihadist doctrine based on the Sunni branch of Islam

Question 13

Islamic State aim #1

Answer 13

Bring about the apocalypse:
- recreating the holy war between islam and west
- seek to initiate a large scale conflict that leads to the eventual collapse of humanity

Question 14

Islamic State aim #2

Answer 14

Establish the caliphate:
- a territory governed by a religious text
- “conquer the world”

Question 15

Islamic State role #1

Answer 15

Carrying out acts of terror:
- physical attacks on non-combatants

Question 16

Islamic State role #2

Answer 16

Invading and occupying territories:
- use of military power to gain control of a territory

Question 17

Islamic State “acts of terror” role success

Answer 17

Paris Attacks 2015:
- killed 130 people
- in the name of the Islamic faith
-somewhat effective in the aim of bringing out the apocalypse

Question 18

Islamic State “acts of terror” role failure

Answer 18

2020 attempted Delhi attack:
- August 2020 Delhi police uncovered and detained Abu Yusuf who was planning a terrorist attack against Hindus in Delhi

Question 19

How the Islamic State undermines sovereignty

Answer 19

ISIS actions against Syria and Iraq has challenged the sovereignty of these states
- self determination was compromised as ISIS policed and used public works in these regions challenging the right for Syria and Iraq to self-determine policies in these areas
- through exercise of force in these states right to monopoly of violence was compromised

Question 20

Effects of Technology (ISIS)

Answer 20

Advancements in technology have brought about social media, facilitating greater cultural power as it can spread its ideas globally

Question 21

Amnesty International > ISIS

Answer 21

Amnesty international has greater capacity to bring about long-term change through Public support

Question 22

ISIS > Amnesty International

Answer 22

ISIS has greater military power, so can be more coercive in influencing states

Question 23

Transnational Coporations

Answer 23

Transnational Corporations are companies whose operations extend beyond the borders of states in which it is registeredV

Question 24

Volkswagen

Answer 24

Volkswagen is a German motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Lower Saxony, Germany

Question 25

Volkswagen aim #1

Answer 25

To maximise profits

Question 26

Volkswagen aim #2

Answer 26

Build its brand

Question 27

Volkswagen role #1

Answer 27

trade:
- sale of 8.9 million in 2021

Question 28

Volkswagen role #2

Answer 28

Employment:
- VW employs workers across the world
- 2020 VW had 665,000 employees

Question 29

Volkswagen Case Study success

Answer 29

Argentina (FDI):
In 2017, VW invested 650 million Euros in a plant in Argentina whilst employing 2500 citizens. Through employment, VW was able to aid Argentina in achieving its aim of economic prosperity. In response, Argentina gave favorable taxation system changes for VW, banning used car imports in 2017.

Question 30

Volkswagen Case Study failure

Answer 30

2015 emissions scandal:
In 2015 VW was investigated by the Environmental Protection Agency in the US where they found a “defeat device” that hid the excessive car emissions when tested. This saw how VW sought to pursue its aims of maximising profit but in doing so reduced the states aim.

Question 31

Use of technology (VW)

Answer 31

Through technological advancements, VW has adapted its products, offering electric vehicles

Question 32

How TNC’s undermine sovereignty

Answer 32

Due to its economic power in Germany, VW is able to wield considerable influence over the Lower Saxony Government, compromising the states right to non-interference and self-determination of economic, regulatory and environmental policy