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AQA GCSE Music Key Word Glossary (2016+) > AOS1: Western Classical Music from 1600-1910 > Flashcards

AOS1: Western Classical Music from 1600-1910 Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunct

A

Melody: smooth line, mostly stepwise

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2
Q

Disjunct

A

Melody: broken line, lots of leaps and jumps

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3
Q

Triadic

A

Melody: line moving using the notes of the chord. 1st, 3rd, and 5th.

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4
Q

Scalic

A

Melody: line going up and down the notes of a scale, in order.

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5
Q

Arpeggio

A

Melody: playing the notes of a chord on after an other.

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6
Q

Passing Note

A

Melody: a note which passes between two notes a 3rd apart, joining them together.

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7
Q

Diatonic

A

Melody & Harmony: notes which belong to the key/chord.

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8
Q

Chromatic

A

Melody & Harmony: notes which do not belong the the key/chord.

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9
Q

Slide / Portamento

A

Articulation: Sliding between two notes.

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10
Q

Ornamentation

A

Melody: ways in which performers and composers decorate a melody.

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11
Q

Acciaccatura

A

Melody: Grace note: a short note which is squeezed in.

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12
Q

Appoggiatura

A

Melody: Grace note: a note which takes half of the value from the proceeding note.

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13
Q

Ostinato

A

Melody: a short melodic phrase or chord sequence that is repeated. Can either last a whole piece or a section of music.

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14
Q

Articulation

A

Articulation: The way a note is played.

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15
Q

Consonant

A

Harmony: notes which sound ‘nice’ together.

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16
Q

Dissonant

A

Harmony: notes which do not sound ‘nice’ together.

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17
Q

Pedal

A

Harmony: A note which is held, as the harmony changes above it. Usually the tonic or dominant.

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18
Q

Drone

A

Harmony: notes which sound continuously through a piece. Think - Bagpipes.

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19
Q

Perfect Cadence

A

Harmony: sounds finished. V-I.

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20
Q

Plagal Cadence

A

Harmony: sounds finished (Amen). IV-I.

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21
Q

Imperfect Cadence

A

Harmony: sounds unfinished. I-V.

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22
Q

Interrupted Cadence

A

Harmony: doesn’t go where you expect. V-vi.

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23
Q

Tiérce de Picardie

A

Harmony: perfect cadence in a minor key, which ends on the tonic major. v-I.

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24
Q

Seventh Chords

A

Harmony: an extra third built on top of a regular triad. C-E-G-Bb.

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25
Q

C Major

A

Tonality: key with 0 sharps/flats

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26
Q

G Major

A

Tonality: key with 1 sharp

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27
Q

D Major

A

Tonality: key with 2 sharps

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28
Q

A Major

A

Tonality: key with 3 sharps

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29
Q

E Major

A

Tonality: key with 4 sharps

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30
Q

F Major

A

Tonality: key with 1 flat

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31
Q

Bb Major

A

Tonality: key with 2 flats

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32
Q

Eb Major

A

Tonality: key with 3 flats

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33
Q

Ab Major

A

Tonality: key with 4 flats

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34
Q

A Minor

A

Tonality: key with 0 sharps/flats

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35
Q

E minor

A

Tonality: key with 1 sharp

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36
Q

B minor

A

Tonality: key with 2 sharps

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37
Q

F# minor

A

Tonality: key with 3 sharps

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38
Q

C# minor

A

Tonality: key with 4 sharps

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39
Q

D minor

A

Tonality: key with 1 flat

40
Q

G minor

A

Tonality: key with 2 flats

41
Q

C minor

A

Tonality: key with 3 flats

42
Q

F minor

A

Tonality: key with 4 flats

43
Q

Modulation

A

Tonality: gradual process of changing key.

44
Q

Relative Major / Minor

A

Tonality: keys which share the same number of flats/sharps. F/Dm

45
Q

Tonic Major / Minor

A

Tonality: keys which share the same tonic. C Major / C minor

46
Q

Binary Form

A

Structure: A B

47
Q

Ternary Form

A

Structure: A B A

48
Q

Rondo Form

A

Structure: A B A C A

49
Q

Arch Form

A

Structure: A B C B A

50
Q

Through-Composed

A

Structure: a piece which is composed from beginning to end, in no regular structure.

51
Q

Theme and Variations

A

Structure: A melody which is followed by a set of variations of it. Changing the time signature, speed and usually increasing in difficulty.

52
Q

Sonata

A

Structure: solo instrument accompanied by piano.

53
Q

Sonata Form

A

Structure: Exposition, Development, Recapitulation.

54
Q

Minuet and Trio

A

Structure: Two dances played one after another. Usually in triple time.

55
Q

Call & Response

A

Structure: One instrument plays first, followed by others that respond.

56
Q

Ground Bass

A

Structure: A repeating bass line which repeats throughout the composition.

57
Q

Continuo

A

Structure/Instrumentation: A string instrument which plays the bass line along with a keyboard instrument that realises figured bass.

58
Q

Cadenza

A

Structure/Melody: A solo passage towards the end of a piece which allows the soloist to show off.

59
Q

Arco.

A

Sonority: string technique - bowed.

60
Q

Pizz.

A

Sonority: string technique - plucked.

61
Q

Con Sord.

A

Sonority: Italian - with mute.

62
Q

Monophonic

A

Texture: one instrument playing alone.

63
Q

Octaves

A

Texture: instruments playing the same melody line at different octaves.

64
Q

Unison

A

Texture: Two or more instruments playing the same thing at the same octave.

65
Q

Homophonic

A

Texture: Lines of music moving together, playing different notes. Think Bach Chorales.

66
Q

Polyphonic / Contrapuntal

A

Texture: Lots of lines of music of equal importance playing different things.

67
Q

Canon

A

Texture: instruments playing the same melody, beginning at different times.

68
Q

Antiphonal

A

Texture: Call & Response

69
Q

A Cappella

A

Texture: Unaccompanied singing. (In a church style).

70
Q

Melody & Accompaniment

A

Texture: One melody accompanied by chords.

71
Q

Quadruple time

A

Rhythm & Metre: 4 beats in a bar

72
Q

Triple time

A

Rhythm & Metre: 3 beats in a bar

73
Q

Duple time

A

Rhythm & Metre: 2 beats in a bar

74
Q

Anacrusis

A

Rhythm & Metre: a pick up beat/note

75
Q

Augmentation

A

Rhythm & Metre: to make rhythms longer

76
Q

Diminution

A

Rhythm & Metre: to make rhythms smaller

77
Q

Hemiola

A

Rhythm & Metre: a rhythmic pattern of syncopated beats with two beats in the time of three or three beats in the time of two.

78
Q

Semibreve

A

Rhythm & Metre: a 4 beat note

79
Q

Minim

A

Rhythm & Metre: a 2 beat note

80
Q

Crotchet

A

Rhythm & Metre: a 1 beat note

81
Q

Quaver

A

Rhythm & Metre: a 1/2 beat note

82
Q

Semiquaver

A

Rhythm & Metre: a 1/4 beat note

83
Q

Triplets

A

Rhythm & Metre: 3 notes in the space of 2

84
Q

Rubato

A

Rhythm & Metre: speeding up and slowing down a piece of music for expressive purposes. “Borrowed Time”

85
Q

General Pause

A

Rhythm & Metre: Silent bar

86
Q

Tempo

A

Rhythm & Metre: Italian meaning ‘speed’

87
Q

Pianissimo (pp)

A

Dynamics: Very quiet

88
Q

Piano (p)

A

Dynamics: quiet

89
Q

Mezzo-piano (mp)

A

Dynamics: Medium-quiet

90
Q

Mezzo-forte (mf)

A

Dynamics: Medium-loud

91
Q

Forte (f)

A

Dynamics: Loud

92
Q

Fortissimo (ff)

A

Dynamics: Very Loud

93
Q

Crescendo, cresc.,

A

Dynamics: gradually getting louder

94
Q

Diminuendo, dim., >

A

Dynamics: gradually getting quieter

95
Q

Sforzando, sfz.

A

Dynamics: Attack the note (usually come away after)

AQA GCSE Music Key Word Glossary (2016+) (4 decks)

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