AOS1 - Concepts of Health and Wellbeing Flashcards
Health and Wellbeing
The state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by and equilibrium in which an individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
A persons Health and wellbeing is “Dynamic” meaning it may be optimal at one moment and then rapidly deteriorate.
World Health Organisation defining health
Limitations & Strengths of their definition
“Health is the state of complete, physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” - WHO (1946)
Strengths:
- Has moved beyond disease or infirmity
- The definition is inclusive
- Health is dependant on the individuals own situation
Limitations:
- Does not give everyone the opportunity to be considered healthy as they state you must achieve “complete” wellbeing which is verry difficult.
- Does not include all dimensions
Wellbeing
An equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, health, capable and engaged.
Physical H&W
Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems including the physical capability to perform daily activities.
A person who is considered to have good physical H&W will have: Appropriate levels of fitness, healthy body weight , the absence of illness, disease or injury and strong immune system and adequate energy levels.
Social H&W
Relates to the state and quality of the interactions and relationships that an individual has with other people. It include a persons ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
A person who is considered to have good Social H&W will have productive relationships and effective communication with others, supportive and well-functioning family, supportive network of friends. ant the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
Emotional H&W
Relates to the ability to express feelings in and appropriate way. It is about positive recognition, management and expressions of emotional actions and reactions.
A person who has good emotional H&W will recognise and understand emotional actions and reactions, efficiently express and manage emotional actions and reactions, experience appropriate emotions in given scenarios and have a high level of resilience.
Mental H&W
Relates to the persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. It includes thought patterns, self esteem and levels of stress and anxiety.
A person with good mental H&W will have Low levels of stress and anxiety, optimal self esteem, positive thought patterns, high levels of confidence, and use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions and the ability to think and process information.
Spiritual H&W
Relates to beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings. It includes concepts of hope, peace and a guiding sense of meaning and value.
A person with good spiritual H&W will have a sense of belonging and connection to the world and has developed personal values and beliefs and acting according to them.
peace
- described as the absence of conflict
- provides a sense of security that allows people to engage more fully in their daily activities.
- when there is an experience of piece, their is a decrease risk of premature death, serious injury, disability or other affects that are associated with conflict or war.
shelter
- A structure that provides protection from the outside environment
- Shelter is a basic human right
- Provides: Protection, privacy, safety and security, reduces risk or disease, ability to focus on education and employment.
education
- Education is a basic human right that allows a person to increase their ability to earn an income, understand health promotion messages, exhibit healthy behaviours an find meaning and purpose in life.
- Educated people often have a greater access to recourses required to experience high levels of health and wellbeing.
food
- Adequate food intake may be promoted by food security, this is the state in which all people obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly.
- Food security enhances physical H&W as it allows individuals to consume required nutrients which is important for the functioning of the body.
- Adequate food access prevents undernutrition
- Adequate food intake can improve an individuals intellectual capacities.
Sustainable recourses
- Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- energy production
- Food water
- employment
- housing
- healthcare
income
- Income is a persons ability to earn money through factors such as work.
- increases a persons ability to afford recourses such as healthcare therefore many harmful conditions can be avoided
_ access to money mean that people can afford activities that they enjoy therefore promoting mental H&W by reducing stress and anxiety. Ans social H&W by the involvement in activities.
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Social Justice
- equal rights for all, regardless of personal traits and characteristics
- People are treated fairly in society.
- All people have the same access to resources
Equity
- The absence of unfair, avoidable, or remediable differences
- Disadvantaged groups are targeted to improve their quality of life.
- Reduce feelings of segregation and enhance feelings of belonging therefore promoting spiritual wellbeing.
stable ecosystem
- A balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in an environment.
- All living things are having access to their basic human rights without causing detrimental effects to the natural environments.
Youth perspective on H&W
- H&W has a subjective nature as it is influenced by persons beliefs, feelings, and experiences.
- Value Physical, social H&W
- In this age mental H&W can be an issue due to concerns of the environment they may grow up in and body image is considered a lot in youth, therefore their mental health suffers.
- Coping with stress is a major concern for young people while issues such as COVID are a minor concern.
Self assessed health status
- An individuals own perception on their health and wellbeing
- A subjective method
Life expectancy
- An indication of how long a person is expected to live if the current death rates stay the same.
- The life expectancy of Australians is constantly improving as death rates are decreasing.
- Life expectancy increases as the person gets older.
Mortality
- Refers to death, particularly at a population level
- Can be measured with YLL
Mortality rate
- How many deaths occurred in a population in a given period of time.
- Usually presented per 100,000 people in the spam of 12 months
Years Of Life Lost (YLL)
- Years of life lost due to premature death
- Suicide is the leading contribution of YLL for youth, alongside injury related deaths
Morbidity
- Refers to ill health such as disease, injury, and disability.
- Can be measured by YLD
Incidence
- Refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a given period of time.
- Can be useful for identifying which conditions are increasing or decreasing.
Prevalence
- The total number of cases of a condition at a given period of time.
- new cases add to the overall prevalence while those who are cured or die from it reduce the number.
Years Lived With Disability (YLD)
- A measure of the impact of morbidity
Burden of disease
- A measure of the impact of disease and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
- Usually measured in a unity called DALY
Rate of hospitalisation
Provides indication of levels of ill health that require medical treatment
psychological distress
relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individuals level of functioning.
