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VCE History: Revolutions > AOS1: Causes of French Revolution (Key Events) > Flashcards

AOS1: Causes of French Revolution (Key Events) Flashcards

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1
Q

Compte Rendu

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 1781

2)
- American War of Independence costs
- Inadequate taxation system

3)

  • Ignored need for reform
  • Precipitated Financial Crisis
  • Calling of AON

4)
- False 10 million livre surplus
- Had to borrow 520 million livres from banks to pay off debt

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2
Q

Diamond Necklace Affair

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 1785

2)

3)

  • Antoinette/Monarchy seen as cause of financial crisis
  • Increased resentment for Monarchy

4)
- ‘Madame Deficit’

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3
Q

Calling of Assembly of Notables

1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 22 February, 1787

2)

  • Response to Financial Crisis
  • Attempt to reform after Louis ignored advice of Necker

3)

  • Louis is defied = loss of influence
  • Assembly of Notables become ‘first revolutionaries’
  • Sparks Aristocratic Revolt

4)
- First time called since 1626 = desperate

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4
Q

Louis’ ‘Lit de Justice’

1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 6th August, 1787

2)
- Parlements resisted passing fiscal edicts

3)

  • Parlements exiled to Troyes after defying Louis
  • Day of Tiles
  • Louis loses authority/control
  • Louis’ use of absolutism = widespread resentment

4)

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5
Q

Exile of Parlements to Troyes

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 15th August, 1787

2)
- Parlements defied Louis (resisted fiscal edicts)

3)
- Sparked popular uprisings (Day of Tiles)
- Heroes of the people exiled
- Louis seen as oppressor

4)

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6
Q

Harvest Crisis

1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 1788-89

2)

  • Hailstorms (destroyed crops)
  • Drought (crops failed)
  • Harvests failed

3)
- Prices increase exponentially
- Third Estate starving/impoverished
- Desperate need for reform = consolidated revolutionary spirit

4)
- Prices of bread = 80% wage

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7
Q

Doubling of Third Estate representation

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 27th December 1788

2)
- Response to Third Estate political demands

3)

  • Political empowerment of the Third Estate
  • Did not permit voting by head, therein deceived Third Estate = caused resentment

4)
- 300 members to 600

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8
Q

Pamphlet War

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) May 1788-April 1789

2)
- Discontentment from nation’s bankruptcy
- Resentment against monarchy for AON

3)
- Attack on social/political order
- Call for reform
- Media censorship lifted

4)

  • 4000 pamphlets published
  • 250 newspapers published
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9
Q

Sieyes’ ‘What is the Third Estate?’

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) January 1789

2)
- Pamphlet War

3)

  • Challenged the order of privilege
  • Generated empowerment for the Third Estate
  • Encouraged popular sovereignty

4)
- ‘What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something.’ (Sieyes)

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10
Q

Cahiers De Doléances

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) January 1789

2)

  • Failure of double representation to grant equal political influence
  • Dissatisfaction with order or privilege and rights

3)

  • Raised expectations for reform
  • Influenced decisions of the upcoming Estates-General

4)
- 89% nobles willing to forgo priviliges

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11
Q

Convening of the Estates-General

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 5th May 1789

2)

  • Financial crisis
  • Famine/broken economy
  • Influence from Cahiers de Doleances

3)

  • Third Place discriminated/displaced by other Estates (black clothes)
  • Conflict over voting (no voting by head)

4)

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12
Q

Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 17th June 1789

2)

  • Inaction within the Estates-General
  • Promise of voting by head unfulfilled

3)

  • Defied the Monarchy/1st + 2nd Estates
  • Move for political independence

4)

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13
Q

Tennis Court Oath

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 20th June 1789

2)
- NA locked out of EG

3)

  • Majority of First and Second Estates join NA soon after
  • Movement to politically overthrow the Monarchy

4)
- ‘A solemn oath not to separate…until the constitution of the Kingdom is established’ (Tennis Court Oath)

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14
Q

Seance Royale

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 23rd June 1789

2)

  • NA declaration
  • Tennis Court Oath

3)

  • Louis abolishes censorship/allows privileges to be forfeited
  • Rejection of Royal authority
  • Louis seen as weak (capitulated to demands)

4)
- ‘They mean to stay! Well, then, damn it! Let them stay!’ (King Louis XVI)

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15
Q

King orders all Estates to join NA

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 27th June 1789

2)
- Seance Royale

3)

  • NA formally recognised
  • Political unity of all 3 Estates
  • Third Estate politically empowered
  • Resistance seen as method of achieving objectives

4)

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16
Q

Desmoulin’s call to arms

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 12th July 1789

2)
- Troops surround Paris (1st)
- Necker’s dismissal (11th)

3)

  • Precipitated storming of the Bastille
  • Melting point of social tension

4)

  • ‘To Arms! To Arms!’ (Desmoulins)
  • 20,000 troops surrounded Paris
17
Q

Louis accepts the tri-colour cockade

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 27th July 1789

2)

  • Storming of the Bastille
  • Formation of National Guard/Paris Commune

3)

  • Louis formally acknowledges power of Third Estate
  • Seen as endorsing the revolution + change
  • Promotes popular uprisings (Great Fear)

4)

18
Q

Night of Patriotic Delirium

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 4th August 1789

2)
- Great Fear

3)

  • Abolition of privileges
  • Spawned idea of meritocracy, not birth
  • Abolition of feudalism

4)

  • Abolition of tithe, venality, seigneurial rights
  • ‘Entailed the destruction of seigneurial power.’ (Soboul)
19
Q

The August Decrees

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 5-11 August 1789

2)
- Great Fear

3)

  • Abolition of feudalism
  • Abolition of privileges
  • Fulfillment of social/economic reform

4)
- ‘Proclamation of the principles of a new golden age.’ (McPhee)

20
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (DOTROMAC)

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 26 August 1789

2)
- August Decrees

3)

  • Established principle of general will
  • Framework for new society

4)
- ‘Represented the end of the absolutist, seigneurial, and corporate structure or eighteenth-century France.’ (McPhee)

21
Q

Flanders Regiment arrive in Versailles

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 2 October 1789

2)
- Louis calls Flanders Regiment for protection against sans-culottes

3)

  • Louis seen as betraying revolution
  • Public enraged over insult to revolution
  • Resentment sparked October Days

4)

22
Q

Financial Crisis

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 1781

2)

  • American War of Independence loans/expenditure
  • Inefficient taxation system

3)

  • Necker’s Compte Rendu
  • Increased taxes for Third Estate

4)
- ‘Enough money for the government to function for one afternoon’ (Schama)

23
Q

France’s involvement in American War of Independence

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 1778-1783

2)
- Conflict with Britain

3)

  • Spread of Enlightenment ideas (Lafayette)
  • Formation of Financial Crisis
  • Vingtieme (wartime tax) = Third Estate resentment

4)
- 1 billion livres spent

24
Q

The Enlightenment

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) Mid 18th century

2)

  • Spread of ideas from war
  • Need for reform

3)

  • Challenged traditional society
  • Targeted the Church and Monarchy
  • Introduced ‘Popular Sovereignty’ (rule by people)

4)

  • ‘Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains’ (Rousseau: Social Contract)
  • Philosophes: Rousseau, Montequieu, Voltaire
25
Q

Day of Tiles

1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 7 June 1788

2)

  • Exile of Parlements
  • Troops sent to Grenoble to imprison Parlements

3)

  • First act of physical defiance to ancien regime
  • Signified success of popular uprisings
  • Precipitated further popular uprisings (Reveillon)
  • Strength of urban workers seen in military helplessness

4)

26
Q

Reveillon Riots

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 28 April 1789

2)

  • Inspired by Day of Tiles success
  • Rumours Reveillon was unerpaying workers

3)

  • Signified strength of the urban worker
  • Precipitated further popular uprisings (Bastille)

4)

27
Q

Storming of the Bastille

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 14 July 1789

2)

  • Economic crisis
  • 20,000 troops surround Paris
  • Necker’s dismissal
  • Desmoulin’s call to arms

3)

  • Formation of National Guard/Paris Commune
  • King forced to accept the sans-culottes
  • Destruction of a symbol of despotism/absolutism
  • Encouragement of popular movements (Great Fear)

4)
- 28,000 muskets gathered

28
Q

Great Fear

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) July-August 1789

2)

  • Economic crisis
  • Inability to pay taxes
  • Discontentment over seigneurial rights

3)

  • Precipitates August reforms
  • Overthrow of nobility power
  • Idea of Patriots v Traitors

4)

29
Q

October Days

1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes

A

1) 5-6 October 1789

2)

  • August Decree reforms denied
  • Outrage over bread prices
  • Wanted acknowledgement of the NA

3)

  • Louis is practically imprisoned in France
  • Signified power of popular movement
  • King now weaker than the Third Estate

4)

  • 7,000 women marched
  • ‘The King and the National Assembly were now under the influence of the Parisian crowd’ (Adcock)

VCE History: Revolutions (8 decks)

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