AOS1: Causes of French Revolution (Key Events) Flashcards
Compte Rendu
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 1781
2)
- American War of Independence costs
- Inadequate taxation system
3)
- Ignored need for reform
- Precipitated Financial Crisis
- Calling of AON
4)
- False 10 million livre surplus
- Had to borrow 520 million livres from banks to pay off debt
Diamond Necklace Affair
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 1785
2)
3)
- Antoinette/Monarchy seen as cause of financial crisis
- Increased resentment for Monarchy
4)
- ‘Madame Deficit’
Calling of Assembly of Notables
1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 22 February, 1787
2)
- Response to Financial Crisis
- Attempt to reform after Louis ignored advice of Necker
3)
- Louis is defied = loss of influence
- Assembly of Notables become ‘first revolutionaries’
- Sparks Aristocratic Revolt
4)
- First time called since 1626 = desperate
Louis’ ‘Lit de Justice’
1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 6th August, 1787
2)
- Parlements resisted passing fiscal edicts
3)
- Parlements exiled to Troyes after defying Louis
- Day of Tiles
- Louis loses authority/control
- Louis’ use of absolutism = widespread resentment
4)
Exile of Parlements to Troyes
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 15th August, 1787
2)
- Parlements defied Louis (resisted fiscal edicts)
3)
- Sparked popular uprisings (Day of Tiles)
- Heroes of the people exiled
- Louis seen as oppressor
4)
Harvest Crisis
1) Dates
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 1788-89
2)
- Hailstorms (destroyed crops)
- Drought (crops failed)
- Harvests failed
3)
- Prices increase exponentially
- Third Estate starving/impoverished
- Desperate need for reform = consolidated revolutionary spirit
4)
- Prices of bread = 80% wage
Doubling of Third Estate representation
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 27th December 1788
2)
- Response to Third Estate political demands
3)
- Political empowerment of the Third Estate
- Did not permit voting by head, therein deceived Third Estate = caused resentment
4)
- 300 members to 600
Pamphlet War
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) May 1788-April 1789
2)
- Discontentment from nation’s bankruptcy
- Resentment against monarchy for AON
3)
- Attack on social/political order
- Call for reform
- Media censorship lifted
4)
- 4000 pamphlets published
- 250 newspapers published
Sieyes’ ‘What is the Third Estate?’
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) January 1789
2)
- Pamphlet War
3)
- Challenged the order of privilege
- Generated empowerment for the Third Estate
- Encouraged popular sovereignty
4)
- ‘What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something.’ (Sieyes)
Cahiers De Doléances
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) January 1789
2)
- Failure of double representation to grant equal political influence
- Dissatisfaction with order or privilege and rights
3)
- Raised expectations for reform
- Influenced decisions of the upcoming Estates-General
4)
- 89% nobles willing to forgo priviliges
Convening of the Estates-General
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 5th May 1789
2)
- Financial crisis
- Famine/broken economy
- Influence from Cahiers de Doleances
3)
- Third Place discriminated/displaced by other Estates (black clothes)
- Conflict over voting (no voting by head)
4)
Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 17th June 1789
2)
- Inaction within the Estates-General
- Promise of voting by head unfulfilled
3)
- Defied the Monarchy/1st + 2nd Estates
- Move for political independence
4)
Tennis Court Oath
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 20th June 1789
2)
- NA locked out of EG
3)
- Majority of First and Second Estates join NA soon after
- Movement to politically overthrow the Monarchy
4)
- ‘A solemn oath not to separate…until the constitution of the Kingdom is established’ (Tennis Court Oath)
Seance Royale
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 23rd June 1789
2)
- NA declaration
- Tennis Court Oath
3)
- Louis abolishes censorship/allows privileges to be forfeited
- Rejection of Royal authority
- Louis seen as weak (capitulated to demands)
4)
- ‘They mean to stay! Well, then, damn it! Let them stay!’ (King Louis XVI)
King orders all Estates to join NA
1) Date
2) Causes
3) Effects
4) Stats/Quotes
1) 27th June 1789
2)
- Seance Royale
3)
- NA formally recognised
- Political unity of all 3 Estates
- Third Estate politically empowered
- Resistance seen as method of achieving objectives
4)