AOS1

Question 1

What does power mean?

Answer 1

Ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor.

Question 2

What does cosmopolitanism mean?

Answer 2

Reflects a desire among global actors to cooperate to reach common goals and outcomes to meet challenges that are presented to the global community.

Question 3

What are global actors?

Answer 3

A global actor is a state, IGO, non-state actor or TNC that is involved in global politics.

Question 4

What are NGOs?

Answer 4

A non-governmental organisation is a non-profit making, voluntary service/development-oriented organisation. (save the children)

Question 5

What are IGOs?

Answer 5

Intergovernmental organisations refers to an entity created by treaty, involving two or more states, to work on issues of common interest (EU, WTO)

Question 6

What are non-state actors?

Answer 6

A non-state actor is any global actor that is not a state (TNCs, NGOs, trade associations, and paramilitary and terrorist groups).

Question 7

What is globalization?

Answer 7

Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information and ideas (trade) on a global scale. It is a complex process that has been facilitated by advancements in technology, transportation, and communication.

Question 8

What is environmentalism?

Answer 8

Concern about and action aimed at protecting the environment.

Question 9

What is political power?

Answer 9

Political power is when a group of people or individual has control and influence over a state’s BELIEFS, ACTIONS, AND BEHAVIOUR.

Question 10

What is multilateralism?

Answer 10

Collaboration between three or more states to achieve a common goal

Question 11

What is global community?

Answer 11

The people or nations of the world, considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially, and politically interdependent.

Question 12

Definition of economic effects on globalization?

Answer 12

Involves the
- liberalization of trade and investment
- establishment of multinational corporations
- flow of capital across borders
Leads to:
- expansion of global markets
- creation of global supply chains.

• USA and Australia are allies (does not cost as much to trade)

Question 13

Definition of political effects of globalization?

Answer 13

Influenced the formation of international organizations (UN, WTO, and International Monetary Fund, EU, and ASEAN)
- they promote cooperation and address global issues.

Question 14

Advantages and disadvantages of economic effects of globalization?

Answer 14

Ads:
- Increased trade and economic growth
- Access to global capital markets to fund growth and research/development efforts
- Technological advancements
Disads:
- Economic inequality
- Job replacement and labour exploitation
- Environmental changes (increased production and consumption → greater resource extraction and use)

Question 15

Advantages and disadvantages of political effects of globalization?

Answer 15

Ads:
- Increased interdependence and cooperation
- Spread of democratic values
- Peace and conflict resolution
Disads:
- Loss of national sovereignty
- Unequal power dynamics
- Security challenges

Question 16

Advantages and disadvantages of social effects of globalization?

Answer 16

Ads:
- Cultural exchange and diversity
- Access to information and education
- Improved living standards
- Instantaneous, low cost communication
- The demonstration effect (helps empower citizens of poorer countries to greater aspiration and new possibilities)
Disads:
- Cultural homogenization and loss of identity (challenges in persevering heritage)
- Labour exploitation and social injustices
- Social and cultural conflicts
- Cultural imperialism
- Social media addiction

Question 17

What is a TNC, and what do they do?

Answer 17

A TNC is a company that is involved in the production of goods and services in more than one country.

TNCs that manufacture goods typically set up factories in developing countries as land and labour are cheaper there. They import and export goods and services, and in the process they make significant investments in foreign countries, sometime by buying and selling licenses for production or sale in foreign markets.

Question 18

Reasons why a TNC would want to grow its business overseas?

Answer 18

• To reduce risk by having branches in lots of different countries
• To access skilled labour/talent needed
• Cheaper labour
• To operate inside local trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas to get inside trade blocs
• To gain grants and other rewards (tax breaks) from governments
• To get access to raw materials and resources (and cheaper ones or ones available all year around)
• Cheaper land costs
• More relaxed rules and laws (environment, lower tax)
• To access emerging markets to increase sales

Question 19

What is slowbilization?

Answer 19

“Slowbalization” is a term that refers to a perceived trend of slowing down or reversing certain aspects of globalization. It suggests a shift away from the rapid integration and interdependence of economies, cultures, and societies that characterized the earlier phases of globalization.

Question 20

How has the EU helped/not helped resolve the Russia-Ukraine conflict?

Answer 20

• Imposed sanctions on Russia
• Financial and humanitarian aid to Ukraine
• Differing national interest of states between its member states
• Some member states have economic ties to Russia (hard to impose sanctions)

Question 21

Methods used by terrorist groups to achieve aims?

Answer 21

• Guerilla warfare
• Armed/violent conflict
• Suicide attacks
• Propaganda/psychological attacks

Question 22

Pros and cons of globalization?

Answer 22

Pros:
- Increased import/export
- Increased cooperation in crisis (COVID-19)
- Increased job opportunities
- More consumer choice

Cons:
- Job loss from AI
- Larger carbon footprint
- Too reliant on global supply chain links (COVID)
- Child labour