AOS 4

Question 1

what did classical music (but not minimalism) used lots of?

Answer 1

Dissonance - minimalism reacted against this

Question 2

what was Classical music inspired by?

Answer 2

folk music - traditional melodies, instruments and techniques

jazz

Question 3

Even though classical music used dissonance what was it also?

Answer 3

mainly tonal

Question 4

how did the orchestra expand in classical music?

Answer 4

included: saxophones, percussion and new electrical instruments

Question 5

what was aaron copland inspired by?

Answer 5

folk melody and dance from the west

Question 6

name two characteristics of aaron copland’s music

Answer 6

changes time signature (no pulse)

Question 7

give two examples of aaron copland’s work

Answer 7

‘fanafare of the common man’ and ‘Appalachian spring- Ballet’

Question 8

What did Malcolm Arnold write?

Answer 8

orchestral suites based on folk dances

Question 9

what was Malcolm Arnold also influenced by? and what did it include?

Answer 9

jazz - complicated syncopated rhythms and jazzy harmonies (6th,7th,9th chords)

Question 10

what was Peter Maxwell Davies influenced by?

Answer 10

scottish island and its traditions

Question 11

give 2 examples of Peter Maxwell Davies’ work and its features

Answer 11

‘Farewell to Stromness’- folky melody over ground baseline in major key

‘First Symphony’ - highly dissonant

Question 12

Name three things John Tavener was influenced by

Answer 12

religious choral music , renaissance , middle east

Question 13

what did John Tavener’s religious choral music include?

Answer 13

Drones, modes and simple counterpoints

Question 14

what is an example of John Tavener’s work and what does it include?

Answer 14

‘the lamb’ - melodic inversion and augmentation

Question 15

What was Benjamin Britten famous for?

Answer 15

operas, orchestral pieces, choral pieces

the fact he was a pacifist

Question 16

what is the opera by Benjamin Britten about?

Answer 16

‘peter grimes’ opera about English seaside town

4 sea interludes - changing state of sea - dawn to storm

Question 17

who are the two main composers associated with orchestral music and where are they from?

Answer 17

Zoltan Kodaly and Bela Bartok

both from Hungary

Question 18

what is true about both Kodaly’s and Bartok’s music?

Answer 18

express nationalism

include traditional folk melodies scales and instruments

Question 19

what are 2 thinks that Zoltan Kodaly is known for?

Answer 19

the cimbalom - a twangy instrument

and the fact that he is more obviously based on folk traditions

Question 20

what 2 things are Bela Bartok known for?

Answer 20

wrote more music for piano and orchestras - concerto for orchestra

invented ‘Bartok pizzicato’ - where you pull the string back and it slaps the fingerboard

Question 21

what 3 composers are minimalist composers?

Answer 21

John Adams, Steve Reich, and Terry Riley

Question 22

What are the 5 main features of minimalistic music?

Answer 22

• use of drones
• tonal
• scales and arpeggios
• changes key either very slowly or very suddenly
• overlapping ostinatos

Question 23

what do overlapping ostinatos do in the music?

Answer 23

create complex polyrhythms

a constant sense of gradual change called METAMORPHOSIS

Question 24

Overall what is Minimalism seen as?

Answer 24

used to be avant-garde classical music ( because of extended repetition and electronics) but now is mainstream classical

influential for pop music

Question 25

Name a musical that fuses Latin and Jazzy styles into one

Answer 25

West Side Story - Leonard Bernstein

Question 26

name 7 features of the music of West Side Story

Answer 26

1. dance rhythms (both styles)
2. complex percussion
3. loud brass
4. jazzy harmonies(7th chords)
5. riffs and ostinatos
6. cross-rhythms
7. syncopation

Question 27

What song alternates between 6₈ and 3₄ ?

Answer 27

America!

Question 28

in America what features give it a latin/Hispanic feel?

Answer 28

1. vibrant rhythms
2. maracas and castanets and people shouting “ole!”
3. call and response between men and women

Question 29

what key is the song Maria in ?

Answer 29

begins in B major then modulates to Eb major

Question 30

what is interesting about the song Maria?

Answer 30

the word Maria is repeated 27 times - often with a tritone apoggiatura

Question 31

what is the rhythm like in I Feel Pretty?

Answer 31

“alla Spagnola”

3 crotchet bass line followed by fast quaver chords - sounds flamenco like

Question 32

what shows maria’s giddy happiness and her breathless excitement?

Answer 32

quaver as strong first beat of the bar and short 2 bar phrases

Question 33

what are the features of the musical ‘Grease’?

Answer 33

set in the 1950s- rock and roll and doo wop

written in the 1970s - power ballads

Question 34

what is Greased Lightning based on?

Answer 34

12 Bar Blues - extended version in verses(14 bars)

Question 35

what is the instrumentation and melody like in Greased Lightning?

Answer 35

1950s- piano, kit, bass, electric guitar, occasional brass

melody based on raising and falling arpeggios of dominant 7th chords

Question 36

what kind of music is in Little Shop Of Horrors?

Answer 36

rock style

Question 37

name 3 features of the prologue in Little Shop Of Horrors

Answer 37

1. syncopated bassline and repeated quavers
2. 3 part harmony
3. whole song ends on dissonant chord - heightens tension

Question 38

name 3 features of the song Grow For Me

Answer 38

1. 6₈ compound time
2. piano alternates between chords on every quaver and rising and falling arpeggios

Question 39

what is a solo character song?

Answer 39

when characters sing about feelings or what’s going on

Question 40

describe the 32 bar song form AABA

Answer 40

8 bar verse whole melody is repeated (AA) followed by a contrasting bridge (B) then return of the opening melody

Question 41

give 3 examples of songs that use the AABA song form

Answer 41

1. Somewhere Over the Rainbow - Wizard Of Oz
2. Yesterday - The Beatles
3. Make You Feel My Love - Bob Dylan (covered by Adele)