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EXAM: HHD: Unit 3 AOS 2 > Aos 2 Overview > Flashcards

Aos 2 Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Old Public Health

A

government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sanitation and sewage disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better work conditions

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2
Q

Establishment of government-funded water and sewage systems and better sanitation

A

Reduction in deaths from infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid and cholera

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3
Q

Quarantine laws

A

Prevented arrival and transmission of infectious diseases from other countries

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4
Q

Elimination of housing slums and introduction of better-quality housing

A

Reduced deaths from respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and infectious diseases such as typhoid, cholera and diarrhoea

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5
Q

Improved food and nutrition

A

Widespread refrigeration which reduced need of use of harmful preservatives -> reducing stomach cancer

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6
Q

Establishment of public health campaigns

A

Addressed mortality and morbidity from tuberculosis and venereal disease

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7
Q

More hygienic birthing practices

A

Safe and hygienic birthing conditions with trained and registered midwives and doctors -> reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates

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8
Q

Provision of antenatal and infant welfare services

A

Better quality milk, increase in breastfeeding -> improvements in infant mortality rates

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9
Q

Biomedical approach to health

A

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease

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10
Q

Biomedical Features

A

*Focuses on individuals who are ill
*Concerned with disease, illness and disability
*Relies on services provided by doctors, specialists and hospitals
*Quick fix approach
*Relies on technology to diagnose, treat and cure

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11
Q

Biomedical: +

A

+ Funding brings about improvements in technology and research
o X-rays, antibiotics, anaesthetics
+ Extends life expectancy
o Infectious diseases common in the past can now be treated/cured

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12
Q

Biomedical: -

A
  • Professional health workers and technology is costly
    o Cost of training and equipment
  • Every condition cannot be treated
    o E.g cancer has treatments but no cure
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13
Q

New/Social public health

A

An approach that expands the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health

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14
Q

*Involves intersectoral collaboration

A

Groups from many sectors, such as government, health and the private sector, working together to achieve a common goal

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15
Q

Addresses the broader determinants of health

A

oBehavioural factors such as tobacco smoking and a healthy diet
oGender, culture, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographical location and physical environment

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16
Q

Empowers Individuals and communities

A

Individuals more likely to participate in healthy behaviours if they have a sense of power and control over their situation

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17
Q

Acts to reduce social inequities

A

Sociocultural factors that contribute to inequities in health status must be addressed

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18
Q

Acts to enable access to healthcare

A

Cultural and language barriers, economic and geographical factors, education levels -> healthcare being readily available to everyone

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19
Q

Social: +

A

+ More holistic approach to h+w
o Focus on more than just present diseases
+ Education can be passed on from generation to generation
o Promoting sustainable improvements in health status

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20
Q

Social: -

A
  • Not every illness of condition can be prevented
    o Some conditions (E.g genetic conditions) can be difficult to prevent
  • Health promotion messages may be ignored
    o Relies on public cooperation -> people may choose to ignore
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21
Q

OCHP

A

An approach to health developed by WHO that aims to reduce inequities in health. Reflects social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health status, all of which are centred around three strategies for health promotion which are enabling, mediating and advocacy.

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22
Q

Build health public policy

A

decisions made by government and organisations regarding laws and policies that make it more difficult for people to undertake unhealthy behaviours and seek to make healthier choices the easier choices
o GST removal on unprocessed foods

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23
Q

Create supportive environments

A

recognises the impact that broader determinants have and aims to promote a healthy physical and sociocultural environment for all members of the community that is safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable
o Quitline

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24
Q

Strengthen community action

A

building links between individuals and community, centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal
o Immunisation strategy

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25
Q

Develop personal skills

A

gaining health-related knowledge and skills that allow people to make informed decisions that may indirectly affect health and wellbeing
o A community health centre running cooking classes

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26
Q

Reorient health services

A

changing the health system so that it promotes h+w rather than just focusing on diagnosing and treating illness
o Doctors focusing discussion around healthy eating rather than just medication

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27
Q

Medicare

A

Australia’s universal health insurance scheme, administrated by the Federal Government. Giving all Australians access to subsidised healthcare.

28
Q

Schedule Fee

A

the amount Medicare contributes towards certain consultations and treatments; the government decide what each item is worth and that’s what Medicare pays

29
Q

Patient co-payments

A

the payment made by the consumer for health products or services in addition to the amount paid by the government

30
Q

Bulk-billed

A

when the doctor charged only the schedule fee, the payment is claimed directly from Medicare so there are no out-of-pocket expenses for the patient

31
Q

Medicare Safety Net

A

extra financial assistance for those that incur significant out-of-pocket costs for Medicare services

32
Q

Medicare covers

A

*Doctor and specialist consultations
*X-rays
*Dental services (some aged 2-7)
*Eye tests
*Pathology
*Fee-free treatment and accommodation in public hospitals
*Most Surgical treatments
*75% of schedule fee for treatment in a private hospital

33
Q

Medicare does not cover

A

*Cosmetic/unnecessary surgeries
*Home nursing care/treatment
*Ambulance services
*Most allied health services

34
Q

Medicare +

A

+ Available to all Australian citizens
+ Medicare Safety Net provides extra financial contributions for medical services once an individual/family payments reach a certain level

35
Q

Medicare -

A
  • No choice of doctor for in-hospital treatments
  • Waiting lists for many treatments
36
Q

PBS

A

Federal government provided lifesaving and disease-preventing medication to the community free of charge, providing essential medicines to people who need them, regardless of their ability to pay

37
Q

NDIS

A

National insurance scheme that provides services and support for people with permanent, significant disabilities, and their families and carers. Working to assist individuals with disabilities to live an ordinary life

38
Q

Assertive tech

A

a device, system or design that allows an individual to perform a task that they would otherwise be unable to do, or increase the ease and safety with which a task can be performed

39
Q

NDIS: Individualised plan

A

*Access mainstream services and supports
*Access community services and supports
*Maintain informal support arrangements
*Receive reasonable and necessary funded supports

40
Q

PHI

A

: A type of insurance where members pay a premium in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare, it is an optimal form of health insurance that can be purchased in addition to Medicare

41
Q

Private health insurance rebate

A

oIncome tested refund on premiums for PHI dependent on level of income
oIncreases affordability of PHI

42
Q

Lifetime health cover

A

oPeople who take up PHI after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% on their premiums for every year they are over the age of 30
oEncourages younger people to take up PHI and keep it for life

43
Q

Medicare levy surcharge

A

oExtra tax calculated paid according to income
oEncourages high income earners to take out PHI

44
Q

Age-based discount

A

oAllows for a 2% reduction in premiums each year that the person is aged under 30
oEncourages more people to take out PHI early and keep it for life

45
Q

PHI +

A

+ Shorter waiting times
+ Incentives

46
Q

PHI -

A
  • Costly in terms of premiums
  • Policies can be complex to understand and so create confusion for the average person
47
Q

Sustainability

A

capacity to provide a workforce and infrastructure such as facilities and equipment into the future, and to be innovative and responsive to emerging needs through interventions such as research and monitoring

48
Q

Access

A

Provide all people with timely access to quality health services based on their needs, not ability to pay, regardless of where they live in the country

49
Q

Funding

A

Financial resources that are provided to keep the health system adequately staffed and resourced so a high level of care is available for those who need it

50
Q

Equity

A

Achieving equality in access

51
Q

Smoking: why

A

*Smoking is the leading preventable risk factor in Australia and contributes significantly to overall burden of disease by increasing risk of a number of conditions
*Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke also causes disease and premature death in adults and children who do not smoke

52
Q

Smoking: BHPP

A

*Anti-smoking laws and taxes make not smoking the easier and healthy choice

53
Q

Smoking: CSE

A

Quit for You, Quit for 2 -> Supportive environment -> fun exercises and games to keep users hands busy and beat cravings

54
Q

Smoking: SCA

A

Aboriginal Quitline -> using Aboriginal quit specialists with additional training to assist people in a culturally appropriate way

55
Q

Smoking: DPS

A

Quit for You, Quit for Two -> Develop personal skills -> practical quit tips and advice to quit smoking

56
Q

Smoking: RHS

A

Quit -> free online training program for health professionals -> HP provide knowledge and skills relating to assisting smokers to quit

57
Q

Ind: BHPP

A

Closing the Gap’ is an agreement between all levels of government and AATSI representatives to close the gap in life expectancy within a generation

58
Q

IND: CSE

A

Aboriginal Quitline -> confidential support for AATSI

59
Q

IND: SCA

A

Learn Earn Legend -> delivered by community leaders, sports stars and local community members whom young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people respect and aspire

60
Q

IND: DPS

A

Learn Earn Legend -> supports AATSI to stay at school to develop literacy and numeracy personal skills

61
Q

IND: RHS

A

Fitzroy Stars -> using health professionals to present weekly

62
Q

ADG

A

A set of five guidelines developed to provide advice relating to the types and amounts of foods, food groups and dietary patterns that help Australians live a healthy life.

63
Q

Guidelines

A

*Guideline 1: To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs
*Guideline 2: Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the following five groups every day and drink plenty of water
*Guideline 3: Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol
*Guideline 4: Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
*Guideline 5: Care for your food; prepare and store it safely

64
Q

AGTHE

A

A visual circular food selection tool incorporated into the ADG, intended to be used by consumers to assist them in planning, selecting and consuming adequate proportions of foods from the five food groups
o Grain foods
o Vegetables and legumes/beans
o Meats and meat alternatives
o Fruit
o Milk and other dairy products or alternatives¬

65
Q

NA

A

acts to promote healthy eating by providing the latest information on nutrition research, and current food and health and wellbeing trends

66
Q

NA HELP

A
  • recipes
  • staff training
  • understanding food labels
  • seminars
67
Q

HEP

A

A simple visual guide in the form of a pyramid displaying the types and proportion of foods that individuals should eat every day for good health and wellbeing based on the ADG

EXAM: HHD: Unit 3 AOS 2 (1 decks)

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