AOS 2:

Question 0

What age range is middle age?

Answer 0

40-65 years

Question 1

Name the stages of the lifespan.

Answer 1

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age, older age

Question 2

What age range is childhood?

Answer 2

Two to ten

Question 3

Which areas of development are included in psychological development?

Answer 3

Cognitive, social and emotional.

Question 4

What are the areas of human development?

Answer 4

Physical, emotional, cognitive, social development

Question 5

There are two theories of how development occurs; discontinuous and continuous. Explain these two concepts.

Answer 5

Discontinuous: development involves separate and distinct stages. Particular stages have distinct beginning and endings.
Continuous: development occurs gradually overtime, with ongoing changes, without sudden shifts. Abilities from earlier in life are the basis for of skills and abilities in the latter stages of development- each area develops from the previous.

Question 6

Do individuals develop at exactly the same rate and in exactly the same way?

Answer 6

No. Even identical twins will develop differently and at different rates.

Question 7

What is maturation?

Answer 7

Refers to the orderly and sequential developmental changes which occur in the nervous system and other bodily structures controlled by our genes. This suggests that the development of individuals follows the same process or pattern, except in the circumstance of significant interference from environmental factors.

Question 8

Explain the principle of readiness?

Answer 8

Unless the necessary bodily structures (muscles, bones, nerves) are sufficiently mature, then no amount of practice will produce the particular behaviour.

Question 9

Give an example of the principle of readiness.

Answer 9

Walking- you must have the bodily structures ready to enable walking. This means that infants will not walk before they are physically ready. I.e they will roll, lift head, crawl and then walk.

Question 10

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 10

Longitudinal studies are long term investigations that follows the same group (or groups) of people over an extended period of time, observing any changes in thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that occur at different ages.

Question 11

What is a cross sectional study?

Answer 11

Compares groups of participants of different ages over a short period of time.

Question 12

What is a monozygotic twin?

Answer 12

Formed when a single fertilised egg splits into two in the first few days after conception. Identical twins- same genetics/genes.

Question 13

If a person was feeling quite nervous, perhaps a sense of dread about the future, experienced some physical symptoms including racing heart, sweating, dizziness, and this carried on for a long time, or without a known cause. … What might the person be experiencing?

Answer 13

Anxiety. Either a mental health problem, or a mental illness- depending on severity and length of time experienced.

Question 14

Explain what a mental health continuum is.

Answer 14

This is a scale from mentally healthy, through to mental illness ( at either end of the scale). In the middle of the scale there is a section called mental health problem- these are considered short term , or less intense than a mental illness. Left untreated/alone, these problems may go away on their own, or may get worse and move into a more severe mental illness.

Question 15

Explain the three criteria for ADHD.

Answer 15

Impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention.

Question 16

When is ADHD first usually diagnosed?

Answer 16

ADHD is usually seen in children under the years of 12. Therefore it is usually first diagnosed in childhood. In saying that, it can be seen or first diagnosed in any other lifespan stage as well, it is just more common that the behavioural issues are first noted in childhood.

Question 17

What is the percentage of people who continue to experience ADHD into adulthood?

Answer 17

75%

Question 18

Anxiety has three basic components …. What are they?

Answer 18

Feelings, behavioural, physiological

Question 19

How many people experience an anxiety disorder in their lifetime, according to 2007 ABS statistics ?

Answer 19

14.4% or 2.5 million people

Question 20

Which age range is most likely to suffer an anxiety disorder?

Answer 20

35-44 year olds, followed by 45-54 year olds, followed by 25-34 year olds.
16-24 year olds- about 15% of this age group will suffer anxiety.

Question 21

Who is most unlikely to suffer from an anxiety disorder?

Answer 21

People in older age.

Question 22

What are the five main types of anxiety disorder?

Answer 22

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder.

Question 23

ADHD is more common in boys or girls?

Answer 23

Boys…. 90% compared to 10% of girls.

Question 24

The dsm5;
A) classifies mental disorders according to underlying causes.
B) presents detailed list of symptoms of different mental disorders.
C) recommends different courses of treatment for mental disorders.
D) all of the above are correct.

Answer 24

D

Question 25

Almost every second person in Australia reports having a mental illness at some point in their lives…. True or false?

Answer 25

True….. 45%

Question 26

Schizophrenics have more than one personality. True or false.

Answer 26

False. However they may suffer from delusions or hallucinations.

Question 27

What are the two major types of attachment styles? And what are the sub categories?

Answer 27

A) secure and non secure

B) avoidant and resistant attachment.

Question 28

If a child cried when their main caregiver left the room, but was comforted by the caregiver when returned. What kind of attachment would this indicate?

Answer 28

Secure.

Question 29

Who first discussed attachment as a concept?

Answer 29

John Bowlby. This was followed by Mary Ainsworth.

Question 30

Bowlby described four aspects to a secure attachment…. What are they?

Answer 30

Proximity maintenance; safe haven; secure base; separation distress.

Question 31

What did Harlow study in terms of psychological development. What was his major finding?

Answer 31

Harlow looked at attachment too - so emotional development.
He found that attachment was also about physical touch…. He found that the monkeys attached more to the soft toy, than the toy that provided food for them…. Suggesting that comfort, touch and physical warmth are more important to attachment.

Question 32

What did Piaget study in terms of psychological development?

Answer 32

Cognitive development. He created a four stage model that corresponded with age ranges.

Question 33

Who looked a moral development?

Answer 33

Kohlberg

Question 34

How many stages did Kohlberg have in his model? And what are they about?

Answer 34

Obedience and punishment orientation. 
Naively egotistical orientation 
Good boy/nice girl orientation 
Law and social order maintaining orientation. 
Legalistic social contract orientation. 
Universal ethical orientation.

Question 35

Erikson has eight stages… What are they?

Answer 35

Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy verses shame and doubt. 
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair.