AoS 2

Question 1

covalent bonds

Answer 1

bonding that occurs between two non-metals. Electrons are shared between atoms to acheive a full valence shell so that they are stable.

Question 2

molecule sizes

Answer 2

small molecules tend to exist as gases, middle sized molecules tend to exist as liquids, large molecules tend to exist as solids.

Question 3

covalent molecule properites

Answer 3

have a low melting point, do not conduct electricity, strong and difficult to break.

Question 4

electron dot diagrams (lewis diagrams)

Answer 4

show the number of electrons in the valence shell of the atom.

Question 5

molecular shapes

Answer 5

tetrahedral - 4 bonding groups, pyramidal - 3 bonding groups, bent - 2 bonding groups, linear - 2 bonding groups, planar - 3 bonding groups.

Question 6

hydrocarbons

Answer 6

alkanes: C(n) H(2n+2) single bonds
alkenes: C(n) H(2n) one double bond
alkynes: C(n) H(2n-2) one triple bond

Question 7

isomers

Answer 7

molecules with the same molecular formula but different stuctural arrangements. Eg. butane and 2 methyl propane and isomers of C4H10

Question 8

hydrocarbon names

Answer 8

meth-1, eth-2, prop-3, but-4, pent-5

Question 9

factors that influence rates of reaction

Answer 9

affected by temperature, agitation, concentration of reactants, catalyst, surface area.

Question 10

rates of reaction

Answer 10

the speed of which a chemical reaction occurs, reactants converted into products.