AOS 1

Question 1

The central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

consists of the brain and spinal cord. processes info via the sensory systems.

Question 2

PNS- Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

the network of neurons on the outside of the CNS. transmits info to and from the cns.

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

part of the PNS. carries sensory information to the cns and motor info from the cns. Sends info to brain where it is PROCESSED nad a DECISION is made. eg lifting your arm.

Question 4

autonomic NS

Answer 4

carries messages between CNS and internal organs and/or glands. ANS regulates and controls the internal environment

Question 5

sympathetic NS

Answer 5

arouses the body for immediate response in an emergency. Fight, flight, or freeze response

Question 6

parasympathetic NS

Answer 6

helps maintain the body’s internal environment in a steady, balanced state of normal functioning. counteracts the sympathetic NS. like a parachute it slows down the arousal.

Question 7

neuron

Answer 7

a neuron is an individual nerve cell that receives, processes, and/or transmits information to other cells.

Question 8

dendrite

Answer 8

is this extension of a neuron that detects and receives information from other neurons.

Question 9

soma

Answer 9

combines the neural info received from the dendrites and sends it to the axon

Question 10

axon

Answer 10

is a single, tube-like extension that transmits neural information away from the soma to other neurons or cells

Question 11

myelin

Answer 11

is a white fatty substance that insulates the axon from the activity of other nearby axons

Question 12

axon terminals

Answer 12

are at the end of the axon. the terminal button secrets a neurotransmitter that carries its message to other neurons or cells

Question 13

sensory neurons

Answer 13

receive and carry info. it is received from both internal and external environments then transmitted to the cns

Question 14

motor neurons

Answer 14

carry messages from the CNS to the cells in skeletal muscles, organs, and glands to stimulate activity. located in the lower brain stem and spinal cord.

Question 15

interneurons

Answer 15

act as a link between sensory and motor neurons. sensory and motor neurons NEVER MEET. they relay info from one to another, they are responsible for the spinal reflex

Question 16

hindbrain

Answer 16

located at the base, consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

Question 17

cerebellum

Answer 17

coordinates fine muscle movements, regulates balance involved in activities requiring a rapid and skilled sequence of movements eg. speaking

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

continuation of the spinal cord controls bodily functions eg. swallowing. Autonomic NS

Question 19

Pons

Answer 19

just above the medulla, responsible for sleep dreaming and arousal from sleep. acts as a BRIDGE between spine and brain.

Question 20

Midbrain

Answer 20

collection of structures involved in the movement, processing of visual and auditory and tactile sensory info, sleep and arousal

Question 21

Reticular Information

Answer 21

activates level of arousal to different feedback from upper and lower brain areas

Question 22

forebrain

Answer 22

hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

regulates the release of hormones and various glands. Is involved in emotions such as fear and anger

Question 24

Thalamus

Answer 24

filters info from almost all sensory receptors sends info to relevant areas of the brain for further processing. Like a secretory who reads info and passes it to the boss.

Question 25

Cerebrum

Answer 25

located above and in front of the cerebellum. occupies most of the forebrain. responsible for almost everything we consciously do think and feel.

Question 26

left hemisphere

Answer 26

language and logistics. involved in breaking down tasks, planning, and step-by-step processes. the only hemisphere that contains broccas area and wernikas area

Question 27

right hemisphere

Answer 27

nonverbal. spatial awareness and visual thinking- recognition of faces. music and art appreciation creative thinking etc.

Question 28

myelination

Answer 28

the growth and development of white, fatty myelin around may axons

Question 29

synaptogenesis

Answer 29

formation of new synapses between the brains neurons

Question 30

synaptic pruning

Answer 30

the process of elimination synaptic connections due to them being unused or weak

Question 31

brain injury

Answer 31

refers to nay damage that impairs or interferes with, the normal functioning of the brain

Question 32

traumatic brain injury

Answer 32

type of injury acquired through a blow to the head

Question 33

spatial neglect

Answer 33

means they ignore either left or right side of their vision. is caused by injury to the parietal lobe

Question 34

brain plasticity

Answer 34

is the ability of the brain to change in response to experience

Question 35

adaptive plasticity

Answer 35

ability of the brain to compensate for lost functions

Question 36

adaptive plasticity- rerouting

Answer 36

an undamaged neuron that has lost a connection with a inactive neuron may seek another active neuron to connect with

Question 37

adaptive plasticity- sprouting

Answer 37

growth of additional branches to enable new connections