AOS 1 Flashcards
The central nervous system (CNS)
consists of the brain and spinal cord. processes info via the sensory systems.
PNS- Peripheral nervous system
the network of neurons on the outside of the CNS. transmits info to and from the cns.
Somatic nervous system
part of the PNS. carries sensory information to the cns and motor info from the cns. Sends info to brain where it is PROCESSED nad a DECISION is made. eg lifting your arm.
autonomic NS
carries messages between CNS and internal organs and/or glands. ANS regulates and controls the internal environment
sympathetic NS
arouses the body for immediate response in an emergency. Fight, flight, or freeze response
parasympathetic NS
helps maintain the body’s internal environment in a steady, balanced state of normal functioning. counteracts the sympathetic NS. like a parachute it slows down the arousal.
neuron
a neuron is an individual nerve cell that receives, processes, and/or transmits information to other cells.
dendrite
is this extension of a neuron that detects and receives information from other neurons.
soma
combines the neural info received from the dendrites and sends it to the axon
axon
is a single, tube-like extension that transmits neural information away from the soma to other neurons or cells
myelin
is a white fatty substance that insulates the axon from the activity of other nearby axons
axon terminals
are at the end of the axon. the terminal button secrets a neurotransmitter that carries its message to other neurons or cells
sensory neurons
receive and carry info. it is received from both internal and external environments then transmitted to the cns
motor neurons
carry messages from the CNS to the cells in skeletal muscles, organs, and glands to stimulate activity. located in the lower brain stem and spinal cord.
interneurons
act as a link between sensory and motor neurons. sensory and motor neurons NEVER MEET. they relay info from one to another, they are responsible for the spinal reflex
hindbrain
located at the base, consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla
cerebellum
coordinates fine muscle movements, regulates balance involved in activities requiring a rapid and skilled sequence of movements eg. speaking
medulla
continuation of the spinal cord controls bodily functions eg. swallowing. Autonomic NS
Pons
just above the medulla, responsible for sleep dreaming and arousal from sleep. acts as a BRIDGE between spine and brain.
Midbrain
collection of structures involved in the movement, processing of visual and auditory and tactile sensory info, sleep and arousal
Reticular Information
activates level of arousal to different feedback from upper and lower brain areas
forebrain
hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum
Hypothalamus
regulates the release of hormones and various glands. Is involved in emotions such as fear and anger
Thalamus
filters info from almost all sensory receptors sends info to relevant areas of the brain for further processing. Like a secretory who reads info and passes it to the boss.
