AOS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord. processes info via the sensory systems.

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2
Q

PNS- Peripheral nervous system

A

the network of neurons on the outside of the CNS. transmits info to and from the cns.

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3
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

part of the PNS. carries sensory information to the cns and motor info from the cns. Sends info to brain where it is PROCESSED nad a DECISION is made. eg lifting your arm.

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4
Q

autonomic NS

A

carries messages between CNS and internal organs and/or glands. ANS regulates and controls the internal environment

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5
Q

sympathetic NS

A

arouses the body for immediate response in an emergency. Fight, flight, or freeze response

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6
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

helps maintain the body’s internal environment in a steady, balanced state of normal functioning. counteracts the sympathetic NS. like a parachute it slows down the arousal.

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7
Q

neuron

A

a neuron is an individual nerve cell that receives, processes, and/or transmits information to other cells.

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8
Q

dendrite

A

is this extension of a neuron that detects and receives information from other neurons.

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9
Q

soma

A

combines the neural info received from the dendrites and sends it to the axon

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10
Q

axon

A

is a single, tube-like extension that transmits neural information away from the soma to other neurons or cells

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11
Q

myelin

A

is a white fatty substance that insulates the axon from the activity of other nearby axons

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12
Q

axon terminals

A

are at the end of the axon. the terminal button secrets a neurotransmitter that carries its message to other neurons or cells

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13
Q

sensory neurons

A

receive and carry info. it is received from both internal and external environments then transmitted to the cns

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14
Q

motor neurons

A

carry messages from the CNS to the cells in skeletal muscles, organs, and glands to stimulate activity. located in the lower brain stem and spinal cord.

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15
Q

interneurons

A

act as a link between sensory and motor neurons. sensory and motor neurons NEVER MEET. they relay info from one to another, they are responsible for the spinal reflex

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16
Q

hindbrain

A

located at the base, consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

17
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates fine muscle movements, regulates balance involved in activities requiring a rapid and skilled sequence of movements eg. speaking

18
Q

medulla

A

continuation of the spinal cord controls bodily functions eg. swallowing. Autonomic NS

19
Q

Pons

A

just above the medulla, responsible for sleep dreaming and arousal from sleep. acts as a BRIDGE between spine and brain.

20
Q

Midbrain

A

collection of structures involved in the movement, processing of visual and auditory and tactile sensory info, sleep and arousal

21
Q

Reticular Information

A

activates level of arousal to different feedback from upper and lower brain areas

22
Q

forebrain

A

hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum

23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates the release of hormones and various glands. Is involved in emotions such as fear and anger

24
Q

Thalamus

A

filters info from almost all sensory receptors sends info to relevant areas of the brain for further processing. Like a secretory who reads info and passes it to the boss.

25
Q

Cerebrum

A

located above and in front of the cerebellum. occupies most of the forebrain. responsible for almost everything we consciously do think and feel.

26
Q

left hemisphere

A

language and logistics. involved in breaking down tasks, planning, and step-by-step processes. the only hemisphere that contains broccas area and wernikas area

27
Q

right hemisphere

A

nonverbal. spatial awareness and visual thinking- recognition of faces. music and art appreciation creative thinking etc.

28
Q

myelination

A

the growth and development of white, fatty myelin around may axons

29
Q

synaptogenesis

A

formation of new synapses between the brains neurons

30
Q

synaptic pruning

A

the process of elimination synaptic connections due to them being unused or weak

31
Q

brain injury

A

refers to nay damage that impairs or interferes with, the normal functioning of the brain

32
Q

traumatic brain injury

A

type of injury acquired through a blow to the head

33
Q

spatial neglect

A

means they ignore either left or right side of their vision. is caused by injury to the parietal lobe

34
Q

brain plasticity

A

is the ability of the brain to change in response to experience

35
Q

adaptive plasticity

A

ability of the brain to compensate for lost functions

36
Q

adaptive plasticity- rerouting

A

an undamaged neuron that has lost a connection with a inactive neuron may seek another active neuron to connect with

37
Q

adaptive plasticity- sprouting

A

growth of additional branches to enable new connections