AOS 1 Flashcards
LTP
Long Term Potentiation, Strengthening of Neural Synapse due to repetitive activation
LTD
Long Term Depression, Weakening of Neural Synapse due to lack of activation over long periods of time
Neurotransmitters and 2 examples
Chemicals produced by neurons, carry neurons to 1-2 other neurons, binding themselves like puzzle pieces. E.g. Glutamate and GABA
Glutamate
Increases connections between neurons associated with learning - Excitatory
GABA
Regulates neural pathway activation, reduces anxiety and prevents seizures - Inhibitory
Neuromodulator and 2 examples
Large but slow impact, binding to multiple neurons. E.g. Dopamine and Serotonin
Dopamine
Both excitatory and inhibitory effects, enables coordinated muscle movement as well as reward based learning
Serotonin
Inhibitory effect, Helps mood regulation, low levels are associated with depression, impacted by sleep
Difference between Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
Neurotransmitters are fast acting, on 1-2 neurons thus having a small effect, whereas Neuromodulators are slow acting but have a wide spread much larger effect.
Spinal reflex
Sensory receptors, Afferent signals, Interneurons, Efferent signals, Motor neurons
Hypothesis
It is hypothesized, population, IV, DV, expected outcome
Research Designs
Between Groups, Within Groups, Mixed
Gas Model
Stage 1 - Alarm reaction (Shock and Counter Shock)
Stage 2 - Resistance
Stage 3 - Exhaustion
Strengths - Can be generalized, Easily understandable
Weaknesses - Animal-based research, Oversimplification
Laz and folks model
Primary appraisal - Benign/Positive, Irrelevant, Stressful
If Stressful - Harm/Loss, Threat (Distress), Challenge (Eustress)
Secondary appraisal
Strengths - Emphasis on personal nature of coping with stress
Weaknesses - Difficult to test due to being subjective
Coping with stress
Approach Strategies
Avoidance Coping
Context specific effectiveness
Approach Strategies
Dealing with the stressor directly
Avoidance strategies
Trying not to deal with the stressor
Context specific effectiveness
How effective a coping strategy is in a given context
