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health unit 3 > AOS 1 > Flashcards

AOS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is health and wellbeing?

A

Health and wellbeing relating to the complete state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterized by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

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2
Q

what is health?

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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3
Q

what is a limitations to the health meaning?

A

‘Complete’ wellbeing in all dimensions is
difficult to achieve and beyond the capacity of
most people.

It is hard to measure

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4
Q

what is wellbeing?

A

Wellbeing is a concept that takes health outcomes into account, but also considers other factors in a person’s life and is related to happiness and life satisfaction. Wellbeing is sometimes described as how a person feels about themselves and their life.

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5
Q

what does dynamic mean in h&w?

A

health and wellbeing experienced by
an individual is dynamic, meaning that it is constantly changing. e.g accidents

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6
Q

what does subjective mean in h&w?

A

The concept of health and wellbeing can be viewed in different ways.

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7
Q

how can illness be seen in a subjective view?

A

Different people may experience diseases in different ways.

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8
Q

how can illness be seen in a dynamic view?

A

Although some diseases are chronic, others can come and go, which contributes to illness being a dynamic concept that can change quickly

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9
Q

what is illness?

A

Relates to how a person experiences disease

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10
Q

what is disease?

A

relates to a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage

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11
Q

what is physical h&w?

A

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks

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12
Q

what is mental h&w?

A

relates to the state of a person’s mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information.

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13
Q

what is emotional h&w?

A

the ability to recognize, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience.

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14
Q

Spirtual Health & Wellbeing

A

Spiritual health and wellbeing relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world

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15
Q

what is an example of subjective health and wellbeing?

A

Young active person who gets injured and breaks their leg suddenly may see
their health and wellbeing as poor, whereas an elderly person may consider their health and
wellbeing to be good if they’re able to walk.

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16
Q

How can optimal health be a benefit individually? Give three examples

A
  1. feel a sense of sucess in life
  2. reduce medical cost due to illness
  3. being able to earn a income
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17
Q

How can optimal health be a benefit nationally? Give three examples

A
  1. allowing less reliance on the health care system
  2. Creating higher average incomes, leading to increased tax revenue
  3. Allowing for fewer people on social security such as Centrelink
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18
Q

How can optimal health be a benefit globally? Give three examples

A
  1. Reducing disease transmission between countries
  2. Increasing tax revenue and global trade, promoting economic development.
  3. Increasing tax revenue can be reinvested in sustainable resources such as energy and water, which promotes sustainability
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19
Q

Define peace

A

The absence of conflict

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20
Q

What are three possible outcomes of peace?

A
  1. Improved mental health due to less stress and anxiety
  2. Ability for people to move freely and be active around their community
  3. Hospitals are not filled with injured people, so more people can access healthcare for their needs
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21
Q

define shelter

A

A structure that provides protection from the outside environment.

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22
Q

what are two possible outcomes of shelter?

A
  1. Shelter that lacks sanitation facilities can result in increased rate of infectious diseases
  2. Protection from adverse weather conditions
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23
Q

what are two possible outcomes of education?

A
  1. Education promotes literacy, which can lead to higher SES, stable environment and adequate income. This in turn can provide food, shelter and access to health care
  2. Increased opportunities to understand health promotion behaviours, such as eating well and sleeping well, avoiding tobacco smoke, etc.
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24
Q

what are two possible outcomes of food?

A
  1. Provision of energy for the body
  2. Malnourishment can lead to a weakened immune system leading to the increase risk of catching communicable disease
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25
Q

what are two possible outcomes of income?

A
  1. Allows individuals to access healthcare
  2. Households with higher incomes are also more capable of providing educational opportunities to children which is associated with positive health outcomes.
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26
Q

define stable ecosystem

A

when balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in the environment. There is a ready supply of water and relatively predictable and stable weather

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27
Q

what are two possible outcomes of stable ecosystem?

A

The environment is a source of pleasure and relaxation.

  1. Rising temperature can decrease production of staple foods in low income countries and lead to widespread malnutrition
  2. Rising sea levels can displace populations especially island populations
  3. Predictable weather patterns
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28
Q

define sustainable resource

A

Refers to when the resources currently available meet our needs without compromising the needs of future generations

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29
Q

what are two possible outcomes for sustainable resource?

A

Farming and fishing industries need to be monitored as they give sources of foods and manufacturing.

  1. Forest and natural environments providing timber and clean air respiration
30
Q

define social justice

A

Is equal rights for all, regardless of personal traits, such as sex, class, income, ethnicity, age etc.

31
Q

what are two outcomes for social justice?

A
  1. Formal education
  2. Fair pay
  3. Healthcare access
32
Q

define equity

A

It means there are minimum levels of income and resources that all people should have access to.

33
Q

what are two health outcomes of equity?

A
  1. Resources such as healthcare
  2. Education access
  3. Employment access
34
Q

People should enjoy edible food including some sustainable stew (Who prerequisites of health)

A

Peace
Shelter
education
equity
food
income
social justice
sustainable
stable ecosystem

35
Q

What is health status?

A

‘An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.’

36
Q

What is self-assessed health status?

A

It reflects a person’s perception of their own health and wellbeing at a given point in time.

37
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

Life expectancy the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

38
Q

What is health adjusted life expectancy? (HALE)

A

Average number of years that a person can expect to live in “full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury

39
Q

What is mortality?

A

the number of deaths in a population in a given period

40
Q

What is mortality rate

A

the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100 000)

41
Q

what is morbidity?

A

ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population

42
Q

what is incidence?

A

Is the number of new cases of a particular disease or condition during a specific time period.

43
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Is the number or rate of cases of a particular disease or condition that have been reported during a specified time period.

44
Q

What is burden of disease?

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically It measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.

45
Q

What does DALY = YLD + YLL stand for?

A

YLL is years of life lost due to premature death.

YLD is years of life lost due to disability, illness or injury.

46
Q

what is biological factor?

A

Relating to the structure of the cells, tissues and systems of the body and how adequately they function

47
Q

What is sociocultural factor?

A

Relating to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age

48
Q

What is environmental factor?

A

Relating to the physical features that surround us, natural or built

49
Q

What are three biological factors?

A

Body weight, birthweight, blood pressure.

50
Q

What is Predisposition to disease?

A

Genetics can influence how likely someone is to develop a certain condition or disease (an increased risk).

51
Q

What are three sociocultural factors?

A

Socioeconomic status, food security, cultural infleunces.

52
Q

what are three environmental factors?

A

work environment, climate& climate change, access to health care (geographical location)

53
Q

What are three biological difference with all population groups (exlcuding males)

A
  1. Increased BODY WEIGHT
  2. Higher rates of impaired GLUCOSE REGULATION
  3. Higher rates of low BIRTH WEIGHT babies
54
Q

What are three sociocultural differences with all population groups (excluding males)

A
  1. Lower SES
  2. Higher rates of UNEMPLOYMENT
  3. Higher rates of FOOD SECURITY
55
Q

What are three environmental difference with all population groups (excluding males)

A
  1. Higher rates of poor HOUSING conditions
  2. Less access to health care due to GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION of living in more remote areas.
  3. Higher rates of working in dangerous WORK ENVIRONMENT
56
Q

what are three health status differences between males and females?

A
  • lower life expectancy
  • Males suffer higher prevalence of cancer.
  • Males have higher incidence rates of injury than females
57
Q

what are what are three biological factors that males are more likely to have compared to females?

A
  • Increased BODY WEIGHT
  • higher BLOOD PRESSURE (lead to hypertension)
  • higher BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
58
Q

what are what are three sociocultural factors that males are more likely to have compared to females?

A
  • More likely to have lower EDUCATION LEVELS
  • higher SES
  • Higher impacts of SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS
59
Q

what are what are two environmental factors that males are more likely to have compared to females?

A
  • Dangerous WORK ENVIRONMENTS with exposure to UV
  • Males are more likely to smoke tobacco and thus have poorer AIR QUALITY
60
Q

why are females more prone to osteoporosis and arthritis?

A
  • osteoporosis: hormonal changes during menopause can lead to bone loss
  • Arthritis: women are more susceptible due to factors such as hormonal fluctuations
    Females are more prone to breast cancer
61
Q

what are three health status differences between low ses and high ses?

A

Low SES:
- Lower life expectancy
- Higher rates of morbidity like cardiovascular diseases.
- higher burden of disease (ill mental health)

62
Q

what are three health status differences between those living within major cities and those living outside major cities.

A

Those living outside of major cities:
- lower life expectancy
- higher prevalence of preventable diseases like cancers
- higher morbidity rates (asthma or any disease and illness)

63
Q

what is maternal mortality?

A

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery.

64
Q

what is maternal mortality ratio

A

the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100 000 live births.

65
Q

what is infant mortality?

A

the death of a child between birth and their first birthday.

66
Q

what is infant mortality rate?

A

the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.

67
Q

what is under 5 mortality?

A

The death of a child under 5 years of age.

68
Q

what is under 5 mortality rate?

A

The rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.

69
Q

what is body mass index?

A

Body mass index is a height to weight ratio.

70
Q

what is meant by a high BMI?

A

That a score of 25 or more is classified as a high BMI.

71
Q

what is a unit of measurement for burden of disease and explain what it relates to?

A

Disability adjusted life years is a measurement of the burden of disease with one DALY being equal to one year of healthy life lost due to death/or disability.

health unit 3 (4 decks)

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