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modern history - unit 2 > AOS 1 > Flashcards

AOS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Capitalism

A
  • An economic system
  • Private or corporate ownership of capital goods,
  • By investments that are determined by private decisions,
  • And by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market
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2
Q

Communism

A
  • An economic and political theory
  • Advocated the elimination of private property and the common sharing of all resources among a group of people;
  • Societal and communal ownership and governance of the means of production; and the eventual establishment of a classless society.
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3
Q

Proxy War

A
  • A war fought between groups or smaller countries
  • Each represents the interests of other larger powers and may have help and support from these.
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4
Q

The Iron Curtain

A
  • Coined in a speech by Winston Churchill in 1946,
  • A political metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
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5
Q

Yalta Conference

A

This conference took place in Yalta, in the Soviet Union, on 4-11 February, 1945

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6
Q

Issues Discussed at the Yalta Conference

A
  • Punishment for a defeated Germany
  • Governance of Poland
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7
Q

Winston Churchill’s Arguments at Yalta

A
  • Didn’t want Poland controlled by the Soviets
  • Didn’t trust Stalin
  • Didn’t want Communism to spread
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8
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Arguments at Yalta

A
  • Wanted democracy in Poland
  • Wanted to remain on good terms with the Soviet Union
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9
Q

Joseph Stalin’s Arguments at Yalta

A
  • Worried about security
  • Wanted the Polish government to be friendly towards the Soviet union
  • Reluctant to give up Polish territory
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10
Q

Yalta - Outcomes

A

Germany
- Germany’s unconditional surrender
- Joint occupation of Germany
- War crime trials for leading Nazis

Poland
- Sanctioned the formation of a provisional government until post-war elections could be held
- However, Stalin manipulated the implementation of this and established a communist government in Poland

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11
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Took place in Potsdam, just outside of Berlin, Germany, from 17th July to 2nd August 1945.

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12
Q

Issues Discussed at the Potsdam Conference

A
  • Work out details of the governance and punishment of Germany
  • Governance of Poland (again)
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13
Q

Churchill/Attlee (replaced Churchill 26 July 1945) Arguments at Potsdam

A

Wanted a greater say in Eastern Europe

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14
Q

Truman’s (replaced Roosevelt April 1945) Arguments in Potsdam

A
  • “We have to get tough with the Russians. They don’t know how to behave.”
  • More aggressive than Roosevelt
  • Wanted a greater say in Eastern Europe
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15
Q

Stalin’s Arguments in Potsdam

A
  • Wanted $10 billion of reparations from Germany
  • Wanted to make Germany too weak to attack again
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16
Q

Potsdam - Outcomes

A

Germany
- Overseen by an Allied Control Council, Germany was divided into four zones.
- The German Navy was broken up, and proceeds were divided equally
- A War Crimes Tribunal was established to ensure justice for leaders of Nazi Germany
- Stalin was not given $10 billion in reparations but was able to use resources from his zone of Germany

Poland
- No further progress in this dispute
- The US and Britain were given no greater say in Eastern Europe

17
Q

When was the United Nations Charter Signed

A

June 1945

18
Q

When did the United Nations Officially Begin?

A

24 October, 1945

19
Q

Who were the Permanent Nations on the UN Security Council?

A
  • Russia
  • China
  • USA
  • UK
  • France
20
Q

What is the Veto Power?

A
  • Belongs to the permanent members of the UN Security Council.
  • Meaning they can cancel any resolution tabled (brought) in the UN
21
Q

Salami Tactics

A
  • Used to describe Soviet methods of expansion in Eastern Europe,
  • Refers to “the practice of using a series of many small actions to produce a much larger action or result that would be difficult or unlawful to perform all at once.”
22
Q

What is Corminform?

A
  • October 5th, 1947 - April 17th, 1956
  • Officially, the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties,
  • Cominform was to organize the propagation of communist interests and repel the expansion of anti-communism in the aftermath of World War II and the subsequent Cold War.
23
Q

Satellite States

A
  • A country that is formally independent in the world but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.
  • Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany, Yugoslavia (until 1948), and Albania (until 1960) were Soviet satellite states.
24
Q

The Long Telegram

A
  • Sent by George Kennan
  • Sent on February 22 1946
  • Convinced Truman that communism was a threat.
25
Q

The Policy of Containment

A
  • Adopted by President Harry S. Truman
  • Aimed to use the USA’s power to contain the spread of communism
  • Policy was outworked in 3 initiatives
  • The Truman Doctrine
  • The Marshall Plan
  • Formation of NATO
26
Q

The Truman Doctrine, March 12 1947

A

American foreign policy pledges American “support for democracies against authoritarian threats.”

27
Q

The Marshall Plan, June 5 1947

A

General George Marshall proposed American support of efforts to rebuild Western Europe, in the hopes that stronger economies would make Communism less attractive to workers.

28
Q

The Economic Cooperation Act, April 3 1948

A

The Marshall Plan formalised into American law

29
Q

The European Recovery Program April 1948 - December 1951

A

The practical outworking of the Marshall Plan

30
Q

NATO, 4th April 1949

A
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation created to respond to communist threats against member countries.
  • The 12 original members were:
  • USA
  • UK
  • Portugal
  • Norway
  • The Netherlands
  • Luxembourg
  • Italy
  • Iceland
  • France
  • Denmark
  • Canada
  • Belgium
31
Q

Berlin Blockade

A
  • June 24, 1948, until May 12, 1949
  • The blocking of roads, canals and railways by the Soviets to cut off access between West Berlin and West Germany.

Causes
- West introducing a new currency called the Deutschmark in their regions.
- Stalin fearing the West were trying to unify Germany,
- Would interfere with his implementation of Communism in East Germany.

Significance
- Strengthened the division of Germany, and of Europe.
- Showed that cooperation between the Soviets and the West was unlikely,
- Justified both sides’ suspicion of each other.

32
Q

Berlin Airlift

A
  • June 26, 1948, until September 30, 1949
  • The supply of resources to West Berlin by air during the Berlin Blockade.
33
Q

German Federal Republic

A
  • Formed May 23, 1949
  • Also known as West Germany, occupied by the USA, UK, and France.
34
Q

German Democratic Republic

A
  • Formed October 7, 1949
  • Also known as East Germany, occupied by the USSR.

modern history - unit 2 (1 decks)

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