Aortic Stenosis

Question 1

What are the causes of aortic stenosis?

Answer 1

Senile calcification, Bicuspid Aortic Valve (Turner’s), Rheumatic Fever

Question 2

How do patient’s present with aortic stenosis?

Answer 2

SOB/exertional dyspnoea, syncope, angina (as coronary perfusion is impaired)
(Pale and Sweaty)

Question 3

What is heard on auscultation in aortic stenosis?

Answer 3

Ejection Systolic Murmur best heard over the Aortic region as a Crescendo-Decrescendo, which radiates to the Carotids. (4th heart sound or ejection click may be heard)

Question 4

What is the pulse rate, rhythm, volume and character in aortic stenosis?

Answer 4

Slow rising pulse (anacrotic) with narrow pulse pressure. Increased heart rate to maintain cardiac output

Question 5

What is the pathology in aortic stenosis?

Answer 5

Aortic stenosis stops carotid outflow causing limited cardiac output and left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 6

What is the apex beat like in aortic stenosis?

Answer 6

Heaving apex beat (pressure loaded), non-displaced

Question 7

What will you find on palpation in aortic stenosis?

Answer 7

Thrill in aortic or carotid regions

Question 8

How can aortic stenosis be treated?

Answer 8

Treat HTN