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DMS SonoSim Labs > Aorta & IVC - A&P > Flashcards

Aorta & IVC - A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Normal AO measurement

A

less than 3 cm diameter

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2
Q

1st branch of abd. AO

A

Celiac axis/trunk

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3
Q

Celiac axis branches

A

splenic, L.gastric, common hepatic arteries

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4
Q

2nd branch of abd. AO

A

SMA (superior mesenteric artery)

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5
Q

Function of SMA

A

delivers blood to large seg. of intestines

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6
Q

3rd branch

A

L & R renal distal to SMA

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7
Q

Bifurcation

A

L & R iliac arteries @ umbilicus

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8
Q

AO function

A

arteries (red) deliver O2 rich blood to body stores potential energy & converts to kinetic energy

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9
Q

AO originates from

A

L. Ventricle through aortic arch

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10
Q

IVC function

A

veins (blue) delivers O2 depleted blood back to heart from lower limbs

low pressure

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11
Q

IVC location

A

anatomic right side of AO

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12
Q

AO location

A

anatomic left side of IVC

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13
Q

IVC diameter characteristics

A

Generally 2.5 cm but varies Should decrease as descending inferiorly

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14
Q

Inspiratory collapse

A

quick sniff of air, causes IVC to collapse

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15
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

causes decrease in IVC diameter patient holds breath and tech bears down - increasing intrathoracic pressure

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16
Q

Hepatic branches

A

right, middle, left hepatic train hepatic (liver) blood into IVC

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17
Q

Portal vein function and formation

A

returns O2 depleted blood to IVC formed by junction of splenic & sup. mes. veins

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18
Q

3 layers of AO and IVC

A

Tunica intima = inner most

Tunica media = middle, thicker in AO

Tunica adventitia = outer

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19
Q

Normal Abdominal AO

A

Normal AO has bright echogenetic walls

Pulsates

Anterior to anatomic left of spine

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20
Q

Commonly seen in AO scan

A

Celiac Axis/ trunk

SMA

Renal arteries

Common Iliac Arteries

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21
Q

Artery landmark segments

A

Prox - segment immediatly inferior to diaphram and superior to celiac axis

Mid - between celiac axis & caudally positioned SMA

Dist - between SMA & AO bifurcation

22
Q

AO Prox landmarks

A

inferior to diaphragm and superior to celiac axis

23
Q

AO Mid Trans

A

Between celiac axis superiorly and SMA inferiorly

Celiac axis = seagull

Anatomic right is Hepatic artery

Anatomic left is Splenic artery

24
Q

Splenic Vein

A

Crawling over SMA on its way to form portal vein of liver

Landmark to ID pancrease - located anteriorly

25
Q

Locaiton of AO

A

Anatomic left of spine

26
Q

Location of IVC

A

Anatomic right of spine

27
Q

IVC Characteristics

A

Large variations in diameter

Relates to patient’s breathing

Push belly out and press down to see better

Any condition with right heart (R.Vent.) issues will apear plethoric (fluid filled)

Due to hepatic vein draining into IVC

28
Q

IVC segments

A

Prox - extends from R.Atrium, includes hepatic vein

Mid - level of renal veins, posterior to head of pancreas

Dist - common illiac veins

29
Q

Transducer selection for AO and IVC

A

curved array

3-5 MHz

30
Q

Doppler effect

A

a change (doppler shift) in frequency of waves when the wave source is moving

31
Q

Color Doppler instruments

A

information on presence, direction, speed and blood flow characteristics

32
Q

Spectral Doppler

A

Looks at flow at one site

and details of waveform, characteristics, velocities and indices

33
Q

The vessel demarcated by the indicator in this accompanying short-axis image of the abdominal aorta delivers blood to which of the following organs?

Intestines

Left Kidney

Spleen

All above

A & C

A

Intestines

34
Q

Which of the following represents the structure demarcated by the indicator?

Duodenum

Portal Vein

AO

IVC

CBD (common bile duct)

A

IVC

35
Q

The structures supplied by the vessel demarcated by the indicator in this long-axis view of the abdominal aorta include the __________.

Intestines

Left kidney

Liver

Stomach

Spleen

A

Intestines

36
Q

Which of the following sonographic characteristics helps distinguish the IVC from the aorta?

A. The IVC has an intrahepatic course prior to emptying into the right atrium.

B. The IVC has characteristic hepatic vein tributaries several centimeters prior to joining the right atrium.

C. The IVC tends to flatten as it courses distally and is more compressible compared to the aorta.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

A

All of the above

37
Q

Which of the following can often be seen when scanning the proximal IVC in short axis (transverse imaging plane)?

A. Hepatic veins

B. Liver

C. Common iliac veins

D. A and B

E. B and C

A

A & B

38
Q

Which of the following can often be seen when scanning the proximal IVC in short axis (transverse imaging plane)?

A. Hepatic veins

B. Liver

C. Common iliac veins

D. A and B

E. B and C

A

A and B

Hepatic veins and liver

39
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the abdominal aorta is correct?

A The aorta courses anteriorly as it extends caudally.

B. Imaging of the distal aorta is frequently complicated by overlying bowel gas and soft tissues.

C. The celiac axis is the first major branch vessel that comes off the abdominal aorta.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

A

All of the above

40
Q

Which of the following statements regarding aorta and IVC physiology is correct?

The aorta and IVC both contain tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitial layers.

B. The aorta has a thicker tunica media layer that contains more muscle layers than the IVC.

C. The IVC has thinner walls compared to the aorta.

D. The diameter of the IVC is highly dynamic and varies in response to physiologic parameters.

E. All of the above

A

All of the above

41
Q

Which of the following choices best identifies the indicators demarcated by the arrows in this accompanying transverse plane image of the upper abdomen?

A. Indicator 1 is the IVC

B. Indicator 2 is the aorta

C. Indicator 1 is the anterior vertebral body of the spine

D. Indicator 2 is the IVC

E. B and C

A

B and C

42
Q

The __________ is responsible for the image artifact delineated by the indicator in this accompanying short-axis image of the mid-abdominal aorta.

A. Gallbladder

B. Liver

C. Stomach

D. Bladder

E. None of the above

A

Stomach

43
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the abdominal aorta is correct?

A. It has bright echogenic walls and an anechoic internal lumen.

B. It demonstrates pulsatility when examined with ultrasound.

C. It has dark anechoic walls and a bright hyperechoic internal lumen.

D. It courses along the anterior and anatomic right side of the spine.

E. A and B

A

A and B

44
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the image artifact demarcated by the indicator in this short-axis view of the abdominal aorta taken in a transverse imaging plane is correct?

A. The artifact is caused by a gallstone.

B. Drinking water may mitigate this artifact.

C. The artifact is caused by gas.

D. The artifact is caused by acoustic shadowing.

E. B and C

A

B and C

45
Q

Which of the following correctly characterizes the sonographic appearance of the IVC?

A. The IVC has thin, highly echogenic walls that surround an anechoic lumen.

B. The IVC demonstrates minimal variation in diameter during a normal patient’s respiratory cycle.

C. The IVC tends to dilate during a Valsalva maneuver.

A

A. The IVC has thin, highly echogenic walls that surround an anechoic lumen.

46
Q

Which of the following branch vessels of the abdominal aorta can be visualized with abdominal sonography?

A. Celiac axis

B. Superior mesenteric artery

C. Right and left common iliac arteries

D. Left and right renal arteries

E. All of the above

A

All of the above

47
Q

Which of the following statements regarding aorta and IVC imaging is correct?

A. A curved-abdominal probe in the 3 to 5 MHz range is an ideal initial choice for aorta and IVC imaging.

B. A phased-array transducer in the 1 to 5 MHz range may be used for aorta and IVC imaging.

C. Patients will often need to be scanned in different body positions (e.g., lateral decubitus or oblique positions) to ensure optimal acquisition of aorta and/or IVC views.

D. Different breathing techniques (e.g., Valsalva maneuver) may assist IVC imaging.

E. All of the above

A

All of the above

48
Q

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between IVC diameter and intravascular volume status of patients?

A. The diameter of the IVC is solely influenced by retrograde transmission of cardiac pulsations.

B. The diameter of the IVC is solely influenced by intravascular volume status of a patient.

C. The exact relationship and contributing factors leading to variations in IVC diameter are complex, multifactorial, and remain an active area of study.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

A

C. The exact relationship and contributing factors leading to variations in IVC diameter are complex, multifactorial, and remain an active area of study.

49
Q

The blue signal demarcated by the indicator in this short-axis view represents __________.

A. Blood flow within the IVC towards the transducer

B. Blood flow within the aorta towards the transducer

C. Blood flow within the IVC away from the transducer

D. Blood flow within the aorta away from the transducer

E. None of the above

A

C. Blood flow within the IVC away from the transducer

50
Q

What is the structure identified by the indicator in this accompanying image?

A. Portal vein

B. Common hepatic artery

C. Superior mesenteric artery

D. Common bile duct

E. None of the above

A

SMA

DMS SonoSim Labs (4 decks)

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