Aorta and IVC Flashcards
The first system to be functional in the embryo?
Cardiovascular system
What forms at the same and begins beating at about 22 days
embryonic heart and aorta
Transports gases, nutrients, and other essentials to tissues
circulatory system
Inner layer; consists of endothelial tissue.
tunica intima
middle layer; consists of elastin, smooth muscle fibers, and collagenous tissue; provides the strength of arteries
tunica media
outer layer; consists of loose connective tissue and vasa vasorum
Tunica adventitia
Compresses the tiny arteries and veins that supply the blood vessel walls
vasa vasorum
blood is carried way from the heart and to the organs by?
arteries
what does NOT change with respiration?
Abdominal AO
Largest artery in the body
AO
originates off the left ventricle of the heart, travels through the thorax (chest), and courses through the abdomen.
AO
Divided into 5 sections
AO
what five sections is the aorta divided into
aortic root
ascending AO (and aortic arch)
descending AO
abdominal AO (and abdominal branches)
iliac bifurcation
arises from the LT ventricular outflow tract of the heart; has 3 semilunar cusps that prevent blood from flowing back into the heart
aortic root
arises a short distance from the ventricle and courses superiorly to form the aortic arch
Ascending AO
three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities.
Aortic arch
from the aortic arch, the AO descends posterior to the heart through the thoracic cavity, after it pierces the diaphragm, it becomes the abdominal AO
Descending AO
the portion of the AO inferior to the diaphragm; the largest artery in the body that supplies blood to all the visceral organs and legs; diameter is slightly larger in men.
Abdominal AO
abdominal AO branches in descending order
phrenic arteries
celiac axis (CA)
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Renal arteries
RT/LT gonadal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
lumbar arteries
AO measures prox, mid, and distal and iliacs
prox-3.0cm (before celiac axis)
mid-2.0cm (after SMA)
dist-1.2cm (Just before BIF)
iliac-1.0cm (isolate for accuracy)
first anterior branch of AO; originates approx.2.0cm inferior to the diaphragm; supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
Celiac Axis aka CA or Celiac trunk
branches into 3 vessels
celiac axis
3 vessels that the celiac axis branches into
common hepatic artery
splenic artery
left gastric artery
courses to the RT of the abdomen at almost 90
Common hepatic artery
the largest pf the 3 CA branches; takes a tortuous course horizontally to the left of the body as it forms the superior border of the tail of the pancreas
Splenic artery
rarely seen by ultrasound
left gastric artery
has 5 branches and each of those branches consists of 10-16 branches which supply the small bowel.
SMA
1cm inferior to the celiac axis
SMA
what does the SMA feed
small intestine
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
feed the kidneys; they arise from the lateral aspect of the AO at the level of the3rd lumbar vertebrae just INF to the SMA; duplication of the renal arts is not uncommon.
renal arteries
courses posterior to the IVC and anterior to the spine
Right Renal Artery
Courses from the AO directly into the LT kidney
Left Renal Artery
what does the Inferior mesenteric artery aka IMA feed?
LT transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
what does the internal iliac supply
pelvic viscera
peritoneum
buttocks
sacral canal
what does the external iliac supply
ipsilateral lower extremity
what does ipsilateral mean?
same side
What does contralateral mean?
opposite side
most commonly associated with development of an aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
occurs when the arterial vascular system becomes stiff and thickened.
arteriosclerosis
condition in which the aortic wall becomes irregular with plaque build-up
Atherosclerosis
greater than 3cm, involve all 3 layers of the vessel wall.
abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAA means?
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
How can AAA be fixed?
Grafts
ectatic AO
enlargement of an AO
blood escaping through a hole in the vessel wall is called an?
Pseudoaneurysm
what mortality rate does the rupture of an aortic aneurysm have?
50%
what happens when lab values show a decrease in hematocrit?
Aortic Rupture
thickened and surrounded by fibrosis and adhesions
inflammatory AO aneursym
aneurysm caused by a infection
mycotic aneurysm
most are secondary to trauma; abnormal connection from an artery to a vein
arteriovenous fistula
presents clinically as HTN; from renal artery plaque or fibromuscular dysplasia (string of pearls-CT)
renal artery stenosis
where the exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid takes place
capillaries
their walls only have one layer
capillaries
Blood is carried away from the organs and to the heart by the
veins
they are collapsible
veins
large, collapsible vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body (think below the diaphragm) into the RT heart where it goes to the lungs to get oxygenated and return to arterial circulation
IVC
largest visceral tributaries of the IVC
Hepatic veins
resemble the bunny or deer sign
hepatic veins
exits the RT renal hilum and enters the posterolateral IVC
Right renal vein
exits the LT renal hilum courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the AO and enters the lateral IVC; longer than the RRV
Left renal vein
In pts with RT sided heart failure
IVC Dilation
Can be seen later in Pregnancy as the enlarged uterus
IVC Compression
of or relating to the viscera
splanchnic
splanchnic arteries supply blood to what abdominal organs
stomach
large intestine
small intestine
liver
pancreas
spleen
abdominal pain
S/P (status post) liver transplant
liver dysfunction (lab tests)
abdominal distention
splenomegaly
Portal Venous System
In pts with liver failure, a sudden worsening of ascites
Portal Vein Thrombosis
what supplies blood to the Liver
portal veins and hepatic arteries
what forms the portal triad
bile ducts, portal veins, and hepatic arteries
Not surrounded by echogenic walls and can be traced to the diaphragm.
Hepatic veins
are surrounded by echogenic walls
Portal veins
