AOL 1 (Chap 1-2) Flashcards
What is the Medical Model focused on?
Focused on specific medical conditions viewed as problems, intrinsic to the individuals experiencing them.
Relies heavily on measures and tests, placing limited value on subjective reports of health and functioning, leading to undervalue patient input concerning their treatment.
What components does the Medical Model emphasize?
Pathology (cause of illness/disability)
Objective, standardized measures to define the condition
Treatment
Prognosis (likely course of an illness)
What enlightenment era ideas are central to the Medical Model?
Belief that humans are basically good
Eugenics Mindset
Belief that humans can be perfected
Belief that existing failings and limitations can be eliminated not only from individuals but also within society
Moral Model beliefs?
Stated that people with disabilities were “embarrassing and pitiful”
The moral model said that having a disability was a punishment from God.
Conditions came about as a religious consequence for sin
Social Model beliefs?
Emphasized societal and environmental barriers as primary contributors to disability
Not medical but result of society’s lack of attention/accommodations to needs of those with disabilities
Key component: Equality.
What era created Social Model?
Civil and Human rights movements
What is a negative of this model?
Has not yet established a distinct body of research that systematically posits empirically testable and potentially falsifiable hypotheses
What is the Biopsychosocial Model?
Picks useful aspects of both Social and Medical models. Consists on a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in combination that play a role in individuals ability to function.
What is WHO?
World Health Organization
What is the ICIDH?
International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps
Created in 1980
What is the ICF?
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
What are positive concepts of ICF?
ICF puts a positive focus on function and health conditions (disease, injury, biological factors) as well as personal, societal, and environmental factors.
Places health on a continuum.
Disability is not seen as a “problem” but rather a result of assets or barriers within social or physical environments.
Uses of the IFC
Structure to facilitate communication within and between multidisciplinary groups
Clarify team roles and enhance clinical reasoning
Organize service provision
Catalyst for research
Framework for legislative, regulatory, social, and health policy related to disability
Means of comparison for individual experience with disability
Highlights impact of environmental factors in enhancing or hindering function
Measures efficiency and effectiveness of rehabilitation services
What are the 2 parts of ICF structure?
1) Function & Disability
2) Contextual Factors
What is Function?
All body functions, activities, and participation within society
What is Disability?
Any impairment, activity limitations, or participation restrictions that result from health conditions or from personal, societal, or environmental factors
What are the Contextual Factors?
Environmental factors and personal factors
What is Impairment?
Deviation from certain generally accepted population standards of function
Abnormality in body structure or appearance
What is a Handicap?
Disadvantage individual experiences as a result of impairment or disability
What is Maximum function?
Greatest degree of function possible; objective viewpoint
What is Optimal function?
Subjective viewpoint of individual; derived from his or her own goals and experience
What is the difference between Maximum and Optimal function?
Not necessary for any person to reach maximum function; most people do not want or need to reach this point of functioning
By emphasizing functional capacity and personal goals and ability to perform, optimal functioning can be achieved
What is Disease?
Derived from medical model; changes in structure or function of body systems; focus on treatment; elimination of symptoms.
What is Illness?
Individuals’ perception of their condition
Acute conditions?
Sudden onset of symptoms, short term in nature; affect functional capacity on a temporary basis
Chronic conditions?
Symptoms last indefinitely; attributed to cause that may not be identifiable
Trajectory?
The course of health condition overtime
Course of condition?
Nature or stages of condition: stable, progressive, episodic, degenerative, exacerbations, remissions
Stable condition
Condition is being managed; manifestations (symptoms) are not progressing, health status is not deteriorating.
Progressive condition
Manifestations (symptoms) continue to progress, health and functional capacity continue to decline.
Episodic condition
Manifestations (symptoms) may not always be present; flare up occasionally and/or randomly
Degenerative condition
Characterized by continuing breakdown of structure or function of/within the body
Exacerbations
Periods when manifestations (symptoms) become worse
Remissions
Periods of time when symptoms remain stable or do NOT progress.
List the Coping Strategies
Denial, Compensation, Rationalization, Regression, Diversion of feelings
What is Denial?
to negate the reality of the situation
What is Compensation?
learning to counteract funcional incapacitation in one area by becoming stronger or more proficient in another
What is Rationalization?
finding socially acceptable reasons for their behavior or to excuse themselves for not reaching goals
What is Regression?
subconsciously revert to an earlier stage of development and exhibit more emotionality
What is Diversion of feelings?
diversion of unacceptable feelings or ideas into socially acceptable behaviors
