AO4 Links Flashcards
what is an AO4 link for the clones’ names?
Similarly, in Frankenstein, the monster is never given a name; both the clones and the Monster are ‘othered.’
Kathy is narrating the story to another clone. How is this similar to Frankesntein?
In Frankenstein, the story is told to various other characters we are placed in the position of. Moreover, the anecdotal, conversational tone reflects the presentation of Kathy as a relatable protagonist, similar to the epistolary narration of Frankenstein.
what is an AO4 link between Ishiguro’s use of verisimiltude?
Shelley also draws on contemporary issues like graverobbing, Galvanism, and Romantic vs Enlightenment culture similar to Ishiguro’s inspiration from real-life cloning.
what are some AO4 links for Hailsham?
- Hailsham and Kathy’s childhood can be compared to Victor’s childhood and his parental bond.
- Hailsham is secluded, creating a barrier between the clones and humanity, similar to the Monster’s ‘othering’ by characters like the de Laceys in Frankenstein.
- Hailsham has been obscured and hidden, similar to Victor’s hiding of his unethical actions from society, in Frankenstein, in places like the Orkneys.
- Hailsham is never seen in full view, perhaps reflective of the clones’ fragmented identity, similar to the Monster’s lack of a sense of self in Frankenstein.
- Hailsham is no longer accessible as it is in the past, which emphasises the clones’ lack of a home, similar to the Monster in Frankenstein.
- The clones are pushed into spaces that are not purpose-built for them, and are pushed aside, similar to the Monster’s hovel in Frankenstein.
what is an AO4 link for TommY’s tantrums?
Both Tommy and the Monster react with violence to being othered by society; Tommy throws tantrums and the Monster goes on a rampage.
what is an AO4 link for Tommy’s lack of creativity?
In contrast to Tommy, the Monster in Frankenstein tries to fit in, and resents his rejection where Tommy embraces his individuality. However, both Tommy and the Monster’s natural state makes it impossible to fit in; the Monster’s appearance and Tommy’s personality/social obliviousness. Later in both novels, the characters swap their roles as the Monster uses his physical capabilities and Tommy tries to fit in.
what is an AO4 link for the clones’ passive acceptance?
similar to the Monster and his hovel, and Justine as she is sentenced, in Frankenstein
what is an AO4 link for Kingsfield?
Confinement of Kingsfield reflects the confinement of being trapped in ice in Frankenstein (‘encompassed by peril’ - a liminal space between life and death). However, Shelly uses hyperbole where Ishiguro uses more minimalistic language.
what is an AO4 link for Norfolk?
- even in childhood, Norfolk offered the clones a sense of belonging and identity which they did not have
- similarly, the Monster finds identity in Paradise Lost and nature, which allows him to understand his life.
- Both the clones and the Monster’s sense of belonging is based on a misconception; that Norfolk is the ‘lost corner’ and that Paradise Lost is non-fiction
what si an AO4 link for the possibles?
- The idea of a possible may give the clones a sense of comfort and identity - a heritage - but this is ironic as this identity does not belong to them, as they are clones - therefore the idea of possibles is fundamentally flawed and paradoxical. Similarly, in frankenstein, the monster finds a flawed sense of idenityt in Adam/satan
- The possibles represent the clones’ hope for the future. similary, in frankenstein, the monster also has hope for the future just before meeting the delaceys and before making the female monstee
what is an AO4 link to the Cottages?
- Both the clones and the monster are dehumanised by their homes and treated as ‘less than’; they both live in inhospitable conditions with animalistic imagery which emphasises their place at the bottom of the social hierarchy
- Both the clones and the monster are forced to endure sub-standard living conditions, due to their alienation from society - they are denied comfort
- Both the clones and the monster are nears human society but are never accepted and included; they are shunned and pushed to the outskirts/isolated
what is an AO4 link for Victor?
Both the dystopian ‘they’ and Victor are hubristic creators who allow science to go too far.
how is the clones’ passive acceptance different to Frankensetin?
- The monster pushes Frankenstein to make him a female
- The monster argues with Frankenstein
- The monster burns the de Lacey’s house
- The monster murders people
how is the clones’ passive acceptance similar to Frankenstein?
- The monster accepts and delights in his hovel - ‘agreeable asylum’
- The monster kills himself on a pyre
- The monster lets Felix attack him - ‘I could have torn him limb from limb’
- The monster calls himself a wretch
what is an AO4 link for Miss Lucy?
- Ishiguro uses Miss Lucy to represent the revelation of truth; she forces the clones to come to terms with their reality.
- Similarly, in Frankenstein, the Monster is forced to come to terms with his reality
- when he meets the de Laceys
- when he reads Frankenstein’s diary and Paradise Lost
- when he saves the girl
- when he is attacked by the villagers - Miss Lucy acts as the carrier of the clones anger; they are passive. Similarly, in Frankenstein, Elizabeth fights for Justine the martyr.
what is an AO4 link for Madame’s house?
- loss of hope:
- Victor creates the monster
- The monster meets the DeLaceys
- Walton is stuck in ice
- Justine resigns herself to her fate
- The non-creation of the female
- Victor in the aftermath of the murders
what is an AO4 link for light imagey?
Both Ishiguro and Shelley use fading light imagery to reflect the inevitability of the fate of the characters in the novels/to emphasise the impact of detrimental transgression
what is an AO4 link for isolated settings?
- Tommy in the final chapter becomes more distant from Kathy, isolating himself from her and their relationship.
- Shelley also utilises settings of isolation as Victor creates the second monster in the Orkneys to protect the public.
what is an AO4 link for the end of Tommy’s life?
AO4: Similarly to Tommy, the monster attempts to exert some control over his life via his death as they have had no choice previously - decision to end his own life - ‘I shall ascend my funeral pyre’
