Anything Missed Flashcards
How do you calculate the spreading rate of a mid-ocean ridge?
Multiply the plate velocity by 2. (Since spreading rate is measured across the entire ridge, you double the single-plate velocity.)
What are the five types of silica tetrahedra arrangements, and give an example of each?
1) Isolated Tetrahedra – Olivine | 2) Single Chain – Pyroxene | 3) Double Chain – Amphibole | 4) Sheet Silicates – Mica (Biotite, Muscovite) | 5) Network Silicates – Quartz, Feldspar
What does the Hjulström diagram illustrate?
It shows the relationship between grain size and flow velocity, indicating whether sediment will be eroded, transported, or deposited.
What are the three main processes of magma generation and their dominant plate tectonic settings?
1) Decompression Melting – at mid-ocean ridges/continental rifts (pressure drops as asthenosphere rises) | 2) Addition of Volatiles – at subduction zones (water lowers melting temperature) | 3) Heat Transfer Melting – at hotspots or when hot magma melts crust around it
How do you calculate flood risk probability?
The annual probability (P) of a flood of a given recurrence interval (RI) is P = (1 / RI). For example, a 100-year flood has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year.
