Anything And Everything In School

Question 1

In a Dexascan, what’s the difference in a T-Score vs a Z-Score?

Answer 1

T-score is a comparison with that of a healthy 30 yr old, and

Z-Score is a comparison with that of someone of the same age

Question 2

What are the 5 different types of imaging?

Answer 2

X-Ray
Fluoroscopy
CT-Scan
MRI
Discography

Question 3

How do you know you are taking a Floro pic vs that of a X-Ray or CT Scan?

Answer 3

Floro = circular image.

It is also an x-ray, but taken intra-operatively. Usually only A/P and Lateral shots.

Question 4

What is a “unique” character quality of a CT-Scan and a MRI?

What are the 2 types of MRI pics and what are different about them?

Answer 4

CT Scan has capacity to do 3d images
MRI can see soft tissues and neural elements

MRI types of T1 and T2;
T1 = the fluid is black, allowing you to see bony structures better
T2= fluid is white, allowing you to see the nueral elements better, and vascularity.

Question 5

What are the 2 main tissue banks Depuy Sythes works with?

Answer 5

MTF and Lifenet

Question 6

What is ChronOS made of? What forms does it come in? What are the advantages of using that?

Answer 6

Made a Beta-TriCalcium Phosphate.
It comes in Strips, Granules, and Granules.
Advantages are:
-100% synthetic (no infection),
-radiopaque (you can see it in imaging)
-easy perfusion of BMA (with BMA, it’s -genic, -inductive, and -conductive)
-is ideal in its pore size and porosity for bony growth.

Question 7

What is the Apophyseal space?

Answer 7

The outer ring of the disc space where the annulus circumvents

Question 8

What is the body positioning of the lateral approach? And WHY?

Answer 8

Right side down, left side up.

WHY - Kidney on left side is higher & Aorta is on the left side compared to Vena Cava (left). Vena Cava has a VERY thin and fragile tissue structure.

Question 9

What are the potential nerve risks associated to the lateral approach?

Answer 9

The genitofemoral nerve

The lumbar plexus

Question 10

What are the 2 lateral access systems we use?

Answer 10

PIPELINE - LS

INSIGHT - L

Question 11

For the PDL, how many levels is allowed to be used and which potential levels?

Answer 11

L3-S1 
And - one level only.... 
-faster recovery
-thin, physically fit
-someone who has taken 6 months of conservative care
-no more than grade 1 spondylolisthesis
-Can't be fat, and can't be too fit

Question 12

Pro-Disc L … what are the details with it?

• Procedural elements
• What’s it made of?
• sizes and angles?
• What are backups?

Answer 12

• Made of CoCrMo (Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum)
• Ti Plasma Spray end plates
• Polyethylene Inlays
• Disc Remobilization
• 10, 12, 14mm - 6° & 11°
• 6.5 mm height on top and bottom
• 2mm width of the top / bottom sagittal tips
• Only surgeons who have had training will be allowed to use product
• “Dome up Dome up!” - “I see Daylight!” - “No Step, No Gap”
• Back up = Synfix LR

Question 13

In cervical approach, what’s the difference between “Passive, One step” and “Active Two Step” approaches?

Answer 13

Passive One Step = The same driver goes all the way until lock out / final tightening

Active 2 step = One driver used for majority of tightening, then the usually a final tightening driver/torque handle used for final tightening

Question 14

What are the 3 types of plate options?

Answer 14

Rigid, Toggling, and Translational

Question 15

What’s the big difference between Vectra / Zero-P and Skyline screws?

Answer 15

The screw length includes the head size in Vectra and Zero-P (-2mm for head)