ANYTHING AND EVERYTHING Flashcards by Hadyn Stadler

If ph is low then

everything is low except for potassium
ex. bradycardia, constipation, flaccid, coma, low BP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are normal values for ph, Co2, and HCO3

ph: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

if ph is high then…

everything is high except for potassium
ex. tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, seizures, diarrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If the pt has prolonged gastric vomiting or is being suctioned then what does the pt have

metabolic alkalosis (everything else that isn’t lung related or this, it is metabolic acidosis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a high pressure alarm mean in ventilation

obstruction
ex. kink in tubing, water build up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a low pressure alarm mean in ventilation

Disconnection
Reconnect to pt, if unable, bag pt.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you treat denial

confront
do this by pointing out the difference between what they say and what they do

side note: denial is only okay during grieving process

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A neurological disorder caused by lack of thiamine (vit. B1)
Chronic alcohol use makes it difficult for the body to store thiamine in body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when someone has Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

They have anemia and confabulation (truly believe something that is not true)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tx for alcoholism

-Antabuse (disulfiram): physical deterrent, makes you sick if you drink alcohol, do not drink alcohol within 12 hours of having this med
-Revia (Naltrexone): makes you crave alcohol less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the upper drugs

-caffeine
-cocaine
-PCP/LSD
-methamphetamines
-Adderall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Always assume (BLANK) and not (BLANK) at birth in a newborn less than 24 hours after birth.

Intoxication, withdrawal

Side note: after 24hours then its withdrawal.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Big difference between alcohol withdrawal syndrome and delirium tremens

-AWS happens after 24 hours of no drink
-DT happens 72 hours post drink
-DT is UNSTABLE!!!! Life threatening to self and others
-AWS is stable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phrase for remembering stuff about Aminoglycosides

“A Mean Old Mycin”-> treats mean old infections (the big guns)

ex. gentamycin, Vance, clindamycin

ALTHOUGH! drugs with “thro” in them are not under this category (erythromycin, azithromycin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

peak levels for subL, IV, IM, and subQ

-SubL: 5-10mins after dissolved
-IV: 15-30mins after bag empty
-IM: 30-60mins
SubQ: depends on insulin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CCBs are like (BLANK) for the heart

valium
they relax the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chest Tubes, where is it bubbling?:
If bubbling in the water seal and its continuous then its…?
If bubbling in the suction chamber and its intermittent then its…?

BAD
BAD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats does RAPS stand for?

It is for Tetralogy of Fallot
-R ight ventricular hypertrophy
-A orta override
-P ulmonary artery stenosis
-S eptal defect (between ventricles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infectious diseases that are contact precautions

C.diff
RSV
MRSA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infectious diseases that are droplet precautions

Influenza
Meningitis
Pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infectious diseases that are airborne precautions

TB
chickenpox
measles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the #1 cause of DKA

Acute viral respiratory infection in last 2 weeks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens in the body because of DKA?

D- dehydration
K- Ketones in blood, Kussmauls, high K+
A- Acidosis, Acetone breath, Anorexia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kalemias

do the same thing as prefix except for HR and UO which go opposite
ex. hypokalemia there is constipation, muscle weakness, dysrhythmias
ex. hyperkalemia there is diarrhea, cardiac arrest, ab cramps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

calcemias

do the opposite as prefix ex. hypocalcemia-> ckvostek and trousseau, agitation, irritability ex. hypercalcemia-> decreased HR, bradypnea, flaccid

Choose calcium if the question asks about

nerve or skeletal involvement

Choose potassium if the question asks about

anything affecting the heart

What does a thyroid storm consist of

high temp (like 105), and super high BP

Priority for post thyroidectomy in first 48 hrs

first 12 hours: airway is priority from 12-48 hours: tetany (if total), thyroid storm (if partial)

What is something that is dangerous to do with a patient who has hypothyroidism?

sedate them BABES THEY HAVE A SLOW METABOLISM WHICH MEANS DRUGS ARE IN THEIR SYSTEM FOR LONGER

Common things seen in Addisons

LOW GLUCOSE AND HIGH POTASSIUM!!!!!! (think of these inversely!)

What is commonly seen in pts with Cushings

moon face, buffalo hump, high glucose and low K+, hirsutism, striae, gynecomastia, easily infected

Cervical injury effects what

neck and arms (check breathing)

Thoracic injury effects what

lungs and GI (check cough and bowels)

Lumbar injury effects what

bladder and legs (check urinary retention)

CREATININE IS WHAT??????

best kidney fx indicator

What do all psychiatric drugs do?

Cause weight changes and low BP

What do you need to watch with someone on clozapine

agranulocytosis

Naegeles rule

-3 months +7 days from the first day of your last menstrual cycle

What are the weeks for trimesters

1st: 1-12 weeks 2nd: 13-26 weeks 3rd: 27-40 weeks

signs of Chadwick, goodell, and hegar

Chadwik: cyanosis of the cervix Goodell: softening of the cervix Hegar: softening of the uterine

When can the fundal height be palpated and when will it be at umbilicus

week 12, and week 20

1st stage of labor

-Latent -Active: 5-7cm, contractions are 3-5 mins apart, and lasting 30-60secs -Transition

Uterine contractions should be no longer than (BLANK) and no closer than (BLANK)

90secs, 2mins

What are the tocolytics and what do they do

-Terbutaline (SE is maternal tachy) and Mag -They stop contractions and labor

What are the oxytocics

Oxytocin and methergine

What are the 4 rules for prioritization

1. Acute beats chronic 2. Fresh post-op (12 hours) beats medical or other surgical 3. UNstable beats stable 4. Tie breaker: the more vital the organ the higher priority

Give black triage care if:

breathless, pulseless, and dilated fixed pupils

When in doubt for PO meds pick the answer that effects:

Rapid Insulin

Lispro and aspart On: 15 min, Peak: 30mins, D: 3 hrs

Short acting insulin

Regular and Humulin On: 1hr, Peak: 2 hrs, D: 4hrs

Intermediate insulin

NPH On:6, Peak: 8 hours, D: 12

Long acting insulin

Lantus (glargine) Lasts 12-24 hours

5 rights of delegation

1. Task 2. Circumstance 3. Person 4. Communication 5. Supervision

What medication is NOT useful for HF

CCBs

Wernicke's aphasia

cannot UNDERSTAND Speech normal, but jumbled

Pheochromocytoma symptoms

HA, HTN, hyperglycemia

tPA should be given within what time limit with first onset of symtpom

4.5 hours

Pleural friction rub sounds like

grating and scrathcing from inflamed pleura rubbing

Coarse crackles sounds like

low pitched rattling

Fine crackles sounds like

hair rolled together or popping

Rhonchi sounds like

continuous snoring and low pitch

What is the rule of nines

-front 18% -back 18% -arms 4.5% each on one side -Legs 9% each on one side -Private part 1% -head 9%

What does a murmur sound like

whooshing or blowing sound

Presumptive vs probable signs of pregnancy

PRE: amenorrhea, n/v, fatigue (hint: super generic signs) PROB: postitive preg test, CGH, Braxton hicks

What is Becks triad?

cardiac tamponade manifestations 1. JVD 2. Hypotension 3. muffled heart sounds bonus signs: increased HR and RR

Meds for HF

ACE-Is, BBs, diuretics

What is plasma and platelets given for

Plasma: hypovolemic shock, clotting disorders, liver disease Platelets: thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders

macular degeneration

central vision loss HINT: "MAC" as in BMACK!!! is your central vision

glaucoma

peripheral vision lost HINT: when you are going in a COMA your vision from the out gets worse and worse

retinal detachment

curtain and floaters also painless HINT: no hint you know this, but with floaters think or how you detach a basketball from your hand..... like a floater!

What is a bad sign to see if someone is on warfarin or heparin

black tarry stools

diff between side effect and adverse effect

SE: expected so treat, no call to HCP AE: call HCP, and stop med

What is Xerostomia (ZEE-RUH-STOW-MEE-UH)

dry mouth bonus point: most common SE in psych drugs

What does BEFAST stand for

B alance loss E ye changes F ace drooping A rm weakness S peech difficulty T ime to call 911

Stage 1 pressure injury

non-blanchable red skin that is intact

Stage 2 pressure injury

skin breaks in epidermis and dermis red or pink wound bed

Stage 3 pressure injury

full thickness skin loss into subq

Stage 4 pressure injury

extends all the way into muscle, bone, or tendon

Unstageable pressure injury

THE WORST! same as four with eschar and slough