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1
Q

what do frequencies range from?

A

118.000 to 137.000

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2
Q

ground station ranges-
* tower
* approach

A
  • tower-25nm and 4000ft
  • approach-25nm and 10000ft
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Saftey com ranges

A

10nm and 2000ft or 1000ft above circuit height

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5
Q

Range of VHF nav freqs

A

108.000 to 118.000 but not 118.000

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6
Q

What do these transponder buttons mean-

  • CRSR
  • CLR
A
  • crsr-Highlightts digets that need to be changed
  • clr-highlight cerain buttons to clear
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7
Q

What does mode s transponder do

A
  • within 3500ft and 6nm
  • only shoes closest 8 aircraft
  • doesnt offer traffic advice
  • No all aircraft have it
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8
Q

Time in aviation

A
  • always UTC and 4 or 2 didgets
  • is question asked in bst take 1hr off
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9
Q

when to report long or short final

A

long-between 4-8nm
short 4nm

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10
Q

Readability levels

A
  • 1-unreadable
  • 2-now and then
  • 3-difficulty
  • 4-readable
  • 5-perfect
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11
Q

what does contact mean and freecall

A
  • Contact- change freq and detaiuls have been pased on to atsu
  • freecall- change freq and details have not already been passed on
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12
Q

order of call to new ground station

A

approach-callsign-request

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13
Q

order of passing message
* a
* d
* d
* p
* a
* a

A
  • a-aircraft callsign
  • d-departure
  • d-destination
  • p-position
  • a-altitude
  • a-additional details
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14
Q

message priority

A
  • Distress
  • urgancy
  • diresction finding
  • flight saftey
  • met
  • flight regularity
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15
Q

FIS

A

Alerting service and basic service
issue discressions

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16
Q

a/g

A

not licenced
cannot issue clearences
basic and possibly alerting service

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17
Q

atc

A

closely monitored by caa
issue clearences
licenced

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18
Q

atz dimentions when
* less than 1850
* above 1850

A
  • less-2.0nm
  • more-2.5nm
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19
Q

ways to depart aerodrome

A

extended upwind leg
follow circuit and leave

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20
Q

Matz ranges

A

15nm or 5 mins

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21
Q

conditional clearence

A

callsign
condition
id of condition
clearence
request condition

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22
Q

ATIS

A

automatic terminl info service- provies info for each aerodrome

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23
Q

when to use CAVOK

A

No precepipitation
visability 10km plus
no cloud below 5000ft

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24
Q

standard pressure

A

1013.2hpa

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25
Q

controlled airspace classes

A

a,b,c,d,e,

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26
Q

uncontrolled airspace

A

f,g

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27
Q

Class A

A

busiest
NO VFR

28
Q

Class B

A

Not in UK

29
Q

Class C

A

upper controlled airspace
above fl195

30
Q

Class D

A

Control zones around busiest airports
ATC Clearence required

31
Q

Class E

A

Scottish CTR zone

32
Q

Class F

A

Not in uk

33
Q

Class G

A

Rest of airspace not controlled open FIR

34
Q

lars

A

Lower airspace radar service
fl100-30nm

35
Q

shaded triangle
empty triangle

A
  • shaded triangle - must report at these points
  • empty triangle- only report if requested
36
Q

position report

A

callsign
position
time
alititude
next pos
ETA

37
Q

tmz

A

Transponder manditory zone-
If have a transponder no need to get a clearence
If no transponder need a clearence

38
Q

daais
dacs

A

daais- tells you if it is active does not give clearences
dacs- gives clearences

39
Q

qdm
qdr
qte

A

qdm-magnetic heading
qdr-magnetic bearing
qte-true bearing**

40
Q

What is line of sight?

A

Ground waves
VHF
Interupted by obsticles
As height increases so does range

41
Q

what are sky waves?

A

Waves which travel up into the sky and are refracted or absorbed by the ionsphere.

42
Q

How the height and thickness of the iopnsphere changes day and night?

A
  • Day-thicker and 50-500km above earth
  • Night-thinner and 100km-400km above earth
43
Q

Freqs bands
* UHF
* VHF
* HF
* MF
* LF
* ULF

A
  • UHF-300-3000000mhz
  • VHF-30-300mhz
  • HF-3-30mhz
  • MF-300-3000khz
  • LF-30-300khz
  • VLF-10-30khz
44
Q

VHF range formula-

A

range=square root of (1.5xalt in ft)

45
Q

```

when is UHF used

A

military use
SSR

46
Q

Vdf accuracy levels

A
  • +-2
    * +-5-BEST
  • +-10
  • less than 10
47
Q

What is offered in uncontrolled airspace

A
  • basic
  • procedural
  • traffic
  • deconfliction
48
Q
  • what are CTR areas-
  • CTAS-
  • Tmas -
A

Ctr- controled ares-atdc provided to all flights, extend a certain height and width
cta-an area in airspace extending from a certain height
TMA- on routes and in vinicity to major aerodromes.

49
Q

what is an airway

A

A narrow corridor for certain controlled airspace, all class A

50
Q

What is special VFR

A

Initiated by pilot and agreed and issud by ATC for flights which are or would be canceled due to weather conditions

51
Q

What rules to follow when flying special VFR

A
  • Comply with atc instructions
  • fly within limits of your licence
  • Avoid ATZ
52
Q

Rules to PPL pilot in regards to airways

A

Fly at right angles to airway
Remain in VMC

53
Q

ATSU reply to mayday

A

Roger your mayday

54
Q

what is the trangle result when have radio failure-

A

Fly a trangle each leg 2mins long, sharm 120 degree turns, x2
Right way around=partial failure
Left way around=total radio failure

55
Q

Whta to do if when in CTR airspace you get radio failure

A

-Stay in vmc
-land at the nearest aerodrome

56
Q

What to do if you request SVFR and get radio failure before accepted

A

-Transmit blind
-Remain clear of CTR
-Land at the nearest aerodrome

57
Q

What to do if you have radiop failure inside CTR under SVFR

A

-Leave CTR
-transmit blind
-SQWARK
-Land

58
Q

What does Recycle Sqwark mean-

A

1-Select transponder to STBY
2-Select a different Code
3-Sqwark correct code
4-Select transponder mode c or a

59
Q
A
60
Q

how to pronounce 100 and 1000 in avaiation

A

pronounced- one hundred
-one thousand

61
Q

Pronunciation of-
FL100 AND FL110

A
  • FL100-Flight level one hundred
  • FL110-Flight level one one zero
62
Q

how to pronounce time-0815

A

wun fife
or
zero ait one fife

Pronounce Individually

63
Q

what does it mean when on is situated on transponder

A

Just 4 didget code is being shown

64
Q

What does it mean when ALT is selcted on transponder

A

Both the 4 digit transponder code as set by the pilot and the altitude of the aircraft based on a pressure setting of 1013hPa

65
Q

Line of sight formula

A

1.23xroot(x)+root(y)

66
Q
A

comms PPL (2 decks)

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