Anxiolytics and antidepressants Flashcards
What are the 4 types of antidepressants?
MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
Tricyclic drugs
SSRI’s
Lithium
What are the 3 types of Anxiolytics?
Sedative-hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
2nd gen non-benzodiazepines
What are the 2 types of antipsychotics?
Neuroleptics
Atypical drugs
Desipramine and Imipramine are examples of…
Tricyclic antidepressants
Sertraline, Citalopram and Fluoxetine are examples of…
SSRI’s
Fenfluramine and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are examples of…
SERT inhibitors
What do the classic tricyclic antidepressants inhibit?
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake into nerve terminals.
Treatments for depression
Councelling, psychotherapy (CBT), Drugs (MAOI’s, SSRI’s, Tricyclic, 3rd gen antidepressants, mood stabilisers) and electroconvulsive therapy
What is phenelzine? What does it treat?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor that treats depression and bipolar.
What is tranylcypromine? What does it treat?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor that treats severe depression.
Side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Hypertensive crisis
In combo with psychoactive drugs and tryptophan can cause serotonin syndrome, weight gain, oedema, sexual dysfunction and sedation
What are imipramine and amitriptyline? What do they treat?
Tricyclic antidepressants that treat depression
What is Doxepin? What does it treat?
Tricyclic antidepressant that treats depression and anxiety
Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants
Weight gain Sexual dysfunction Adrenergic effects Antihistaminergic effects Sedation Anticholinergic effects Dry mouth, blurred vison Dizziness Headache Constipation
What is Fluoxetine (Prozac) and what does it treat?
SSRI that treats depression and OCD
What is Paroxetine (Paxil) and what does it treat?
SSRI that treats depression and panic disorders
What is Sertraline (Zoloft) and what does it treat?
SSRI that treats depression and panic disorders
What is citalopram (Celexa) and what does it treat?
SSRI that treats depression
Side effects of SSRI’s?
Sexual dysfunction.
Dependence and withdrawal.
Serotonin syndrome
Drug interactions
What are Bupropion and Venlfaxine? What do they treat? How do they work?
Miscellaneous next gen antidepressants that treat depression. Bupropion is an aminoketone that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, noradrealine and dopamine. Venlafaxine is a strong inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, but a weak blocker of dopamine reuptake.
What are lithium carbonate and lithium citrate? What do they Treat?
Mood stabilisers that treat prophylaxis and acute mania
What are Carbamazepine and Valproate? What do they treat?
Mood stabilisers that treat mania and epilepsy
Side effects of mood stabilisers
Dizziness, headache, confusion, hair loss, oedema,
cardiac dysrhythmias and nephrotoxicity.
Withdrawal can cause acute mania.
How do MAOI’s work?
They are non-selective blockers of the metabolism of all monoamines.
How do Tricyclic antidepressants work?
They work by non-selectively blocking the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin, leading to increase in the availability of these transmitters at their respective receptors.
Most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter important for sleep
GABA
What is thiopental? What is it used for?
Sedative hypnotic that is used in the prep for surgery
What is Secobarbital? What does it treat?
Sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia, anxiety and acute agitation
What is phenobarbital? What does it treat?
Sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia, anxiety and seizures.
What is Zolpidem and what does it treat?
A sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia
Side effects of sedative hypnotics
Avoid other CNS depressants. Check for suicidal tendencies. Drowsiness or hangover. Tolerance and dependence. Possible seizure on withdrawal.
What is Diazepam and what does it treat?
Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety and seizures
What is Alprazolam and what does it treat?
Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety and panic disorders
What is Temazepam and what does it treat?
Benzodiazepine that is a short term treatment for insomnia
What is Lorazepam and what does it treat?
Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety, status epilepticus, preoperative sedation, amnesia
Side effects of benzodiazepines
Accumulation of metabolites leads to over sedation and CNS
depression and ataxia.
Anticholinergic effects (headache, dry mouth, blurred vision,
dizziness, memory loss, hypotension and GI disturbances).
What is Buspirone and what does it treat?
Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic and azapirone that treats anxiety and depression. Used in cotherapy. Thought to act as a partial agonist on post synaptic serotonin receptors rather than GABA receptors.
Side effects of Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics
dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea,
dry mouth and blurred vision, mood changes and palpitations
What is Chlorpromazine and what is it used for?
Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and schizophrenia; behavioural problems in children
What is Fluphenazine and what is it used for?
Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and schizophrenia
What is Haloperidol and what is it used for?
Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and severe behavioural problems
What is Loxapine and what is it used for?
Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of mood disorders and schizophrenia
Side effects of antipsychotics/neuroleptics
Parkinsonism (tremors, akinesia, muscle rigidity);
Tardive dyskinesia.
Sedation and hypotension, impaired thermoregulation
and lactation.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. CNS depressants, anticonvulsants or antihypertensives.
Antacids.
What are Clozapine, Amisulpride, Risperidone and Olanzepine and what are they used for?
Atypical antipsychotics used in the management of schizophrenia
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics
Risk of neuroleptic malignancy syndrome are low.
Avoid CNS depressants. Antihypertensives.
Headache, blurred vision, photosensitivity, insomnia,
nervousness, dizziness and GI distress.
Glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease or urinary retention.
Dysrhythmias or hepatic dysfunction.
Weight gain.
