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AP Pharmacology > Anxiolytics and antidepressants > Flashcards

Anxiolytics and antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of antidepressants?

A

MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
Tricyclic drugs
SSRI’s
Lithium

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Anxiolytics?

A

Sedative-hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
2nd gen non-benzodiazepines

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of antipsychotics?

A

Neuroleptics

Atypical drugs

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4
Q

Desipramine and Imipramine are examples of…

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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5
Q

Sertraline, Citalopram and Fluoxetine are examples of…

A

SSRI’s

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6
Q

Fenfluramine and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are examples of…

A

SERT inhibitors

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7
Q

What do the classic tricyclic antidepressants inhibit?

A

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake into nerve terminals.

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8
Q

Treatments for depression

A

Councelling, psychotherapy (CBT), Drugs (MAOI’s, SSRI’s, Tricyclic, 3rd gen antidepressants, mood stabilisers) and electroconvulsive therapy

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9
Q

What is phenelzine? What does it treat?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor that treats depression and bipolar.

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10
Q

What is tranylcypromine? What does it treat?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor that treats severe depression.

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11
Q

Side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Hypertensive crisis
In combo with psychoactive drugs and tryptophan can cause serotonin syndrome, weight gain, oedema, sexual dysfunction and sedation

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12
Q

What are imipramine and amitriptyline? What do they treat?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants that treat depression

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13
Q

What is Doxepin? What does it treat?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant that treats depression and anxiety

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14
Q

Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A 
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
Adrenergic effects
Antihistaminergic effects
Sedation
Anticholinergic effects
Dry mouth, blurred vison 
Dizziness
Headache 
Constipation
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15
Q

What is Fluoxetine (Prozac) and what does it treat?

A

SSRI that treats depression and OCD

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16
Q

What is Paroxetine (Paxil) and what does it treat?

A

SSRI that treats depression and panic disorders

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17
Q

What is Sertraline (Zoloft) and what does it treat?

A

SSRI that treats depression and panic disorders

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18
Q

What is citalopram (Celexa) and what does it treat?

A

SSRI that treats depression

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19
Q

Side effects of SSRI’s?

A

Sexual dysfunction.
Dependence and withdrawal.
Serotonin syndrome
Drug interactions

20
Q

What are Bupropion and Venlfaxine? What do they treat? How do they work?

A

Miscellaneous next gen antidepressants that treat depression. Bupropion is an aminoketone that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, noradrealine and dopamine. Venlafaxine is a strong inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, but a weak blocker of dopamine reuptake.

21
Q

What are lithium carbonate and lithium citrate? What do they Treat?

A

Mood stabilisers that treat prophylaxis and acute mania

22
Q

What are Carbamazepine and Valproate? What do they treat?

A

Mood stabilisers that treat mania and epilepsy

23
Q

Side effects of mood stabilisers

A

Dizziness, headache, confusion, hair loss, oedema,
cardiac dysrhythmias and nephrotoxicity.
Withdrawal can cause acute mania.

24
Q

How do MAOI’s work?

A

They are non-selective blockers of the metabolism of all monoamines.

25
Q

How do Tricyclic antidepressants work?

A

They work by non-selectively blocking the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin, leading to increase in the availability of these transmitters at their respective receptors.

26
Q

Most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter important for sleep

A

GABA

27
Q

What is thiopental? What is it used for?

A

Sedative hypnotic that is used in the prep for surgery

28
Q

What is Secobarbital? What does it treat?

A

Sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia, anxiety and acute agitation

29
Q

What is phenobarbital? What does it treat?

A

Sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia, anxiety and seizures.

30
Q

What is Zolpidem and what does it treat?

A

A sedative hypnotic that treats insomnia

31
Q

Side effects of sedative hypnotics

A 
Avoid other CNS depressants.
Check for suicidal tendencies.
Drowsiness or hangover. 
Tolerance and dependence. Possible seizure on
withdrawal.
32
Q

What is Diazepam and what does it treat?

A

Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety and seizures

33
Q

What is Alprazolam and what does it treat?

A

Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety and panic disorders

34
Q

What is Temazepam and what does it treat?

A

Benzodiazepine that is a short term treatment for insomnia

35
Q

What is Lorazepam and what does it treat?

A

Benzodiazepine that treats anxiety, status epilepticus, preoperative sedation, amnesia

36
Q

Side effects of benzodiazepines

A

Accumulation of metabolites leads to over sedation and CNS
depression and ataxia.
Anticholinergic effects (headache, dry mouth, blurred vision,
dizziness, memory loss, hypotension and GI disturbances).

37
Q

What is Buspirone and what does it treat?

A

Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic and azapirone that treats anxiety and depression. Used in cotherapy. Thought to act as a partial agonist on post synaptic serotonin receptors rather than GABA receptors.

38
Q

Side effects of Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics

A

dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea,

dry mouth and blurred vision, mood changes and palpitations

39
Q

What is Chlorpromazine and what is it used for?

A

Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and schizophrenia; behavioural problems in children

40
Q

What is Fluphenazine and what is it used for?

A

Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and schizophrenia

41
Q

What is Haloperidol and what is it used for?

A

Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of psychosis and severe behavioural problems

42
Q

What is Loxapine and what is it used for?

A

Antipsychotic/neuroleptic that is used in the Management of mood disorders and schizophrenia

43
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics/neuroleptics

A

Parkinsonism (tremors, akinesia, muscle rigidity);
Tardive dyskinesia.
Sedation and hypotension, impaired thermoregulation
and lactation.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. CNS depressants, anticonvulsants or antihypertensives.
Antacids.

44
Q

What are Clozapine, Amisulpride, Risperidone and Olanzepine and what are they used for?

A

Atypical antipsychotics used in the management of schizophrenia

45
Q

Side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

Risk of neuroleptic malignancy syndrome are low.
Avoid CNS depressants. Antihypertensives.
Headache, blurred vision, photosensitivity, insomnia,
nervousness, dizziness and GI distress.
Glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease or urinary retention.
Dysrhythmias or hepatic dysfunction.
Weight gain.

AP Pharmacology (13 decks)

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