Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exam 2 > Anxiolytics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of barbiturates.

A

They bind to sites on the GABA-A receptor which enhances the duration of GABA-mediated Cl- flux. At high doses it can directly open the Cl- channels. This causes hyperpolarization resulting in neuronal inhibition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the barbiturates.

A

Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the adverse effects associated with barbiturates.

A

They have a low therapeutic index putting patients at risk for overdose and also have a high rate of dependence/addiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What anxiolytics are CYP inducers?

A

Barbiturates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some clinical indications for barbiturates?

A

Anesthesia and seizure disorders, rarely as a sedative or hypnotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines.

A

They bind to sites on the GABA-A receptor facilitating GABA-mediated Cl- influx, causing hyperpolarization and thus neuronal inhibition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the adverse effects associated with benzodiazepines.

A

Higher doses can cause anterograde amnesia (though this is beneficial for anesthesia purposes), resp depression, decreased BP, increased HR, some tolerance (but less than barbiturates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the drug interactions of benzodiazepines.

A

There aren’t any.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the clinical indications for benzodiazepines.

A

Epilepsy tx, anesthesia (e.g. midazolam- Versed), muscle relaxation for neuro disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a contraindication for benzodiazepines?

A

Sleep apnea (b/c of resp depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of benzodiazepines.

A

They have slower absorption (2-4 hours, but rapid CNS entry), convert to active metabolizes, and are excreted in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do benzodiazepines differ from barbiturates?

A

Benzos can’t directly open the Cl- channel so they have no effect without the presence of GABA, which helps to limit toxicity and have a higher therapeutic index than barbiturates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

A

They are chemically distinct from benzodiazepines but bind to the same benzodiazepine binding site on a subset of the GABA-A receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the drugs that act at the GABA receptor.

A

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, and benzodiazepine receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with benzodiazepine receptor agonists?

A

Decreased clearance in elderly/hepatic dysfunction, resp depression at high doses, anterograde amnesia, sleep-walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical indications for benzodiazepine receptor agonists?

A

Middle of the night waking. Has less REM suppression and less tolerance/psychological dependance/abuse than benzos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

A

They are rapid-acting, short duration drugs.

18
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

A

They reverse the effects of benzos and hypnotics like zoipidem

19
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with benzodiazepine receptor antagonists?

A

They can precipitate severe withdrawal in patients with psychological dependence (as severe as seizures)

20
Q

Describe the clinical indications for benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

A

Benzo overdose and to hasten recovery post-op

21
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

A

They are rapid-active and short duration (30-60 min) so in cases of overdose you have to give repeated doses.

22
Q

Do benzodiazepine receptor antagonists reverse alcohol or bartiturates?

A

No mothafucka

23
Q

Name the benzodiazepines.

A

Diazepam (Valium), triazolam, alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), midazolam (Versed)

24
Q

Name the benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

A

Zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta)

25
Q

Name the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

A

Flumazenil

26
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of melatonin congener (ramelteon).

A

It is a synthetic agonist acting at the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors.

27
Q

Describe the adverse effects associated with melatonin congener.

A

Dizziness, hyperprolactinemia (elevated prolactin- a pituitary hormone that induces breast milk production)

28
Q

Describe the clinical indications for melatonin congener (ramelteon).

A

Insomnia (approved for longterm use), best against delayed onset sleep and circadian rhythm problems.

29
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of non-sedative anxiolytics.

A

Partial agonists at CNS 5-HT receptors.

30
Q

Describe the adverse effects associated with non-sedative anxiolytics.

A

They are slow to act, poor efficacy with panic disorders. Can cause chest pain, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, tinnitus, GI problems

31
Q

What are the contraindications associated with non-sedative anxiolytics.

A

DO NOT USE WITH MAOIs.

32
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of non-sedative anxiolytics.

A

They are rapidly absorbed.

33
Q

Name the non-sedative anxiolytics.

A

Buspirone

34
Q

What is the definition of a sedative?

A

A drug causing a calming effect; tranquilizer

35
Q

What is the definition of hypnotic?

A

A sleep-inducing or promoting drug

36
Q

What is the definition of an anxiolytic?

A

To cut anxiety

37
Q

How are panic disorders best treated?

A

With antidepressants, particularly SSRIs. Alprazolam is effective but can cause rebound anxiety when discontinued.

38
Q

What medication is useful for the treatment of agoraphobia?

A

Alprazolam

39
Q

What are effective treatments for social phobia?

A

Behavioral therapy, SSRIs, other ADDs, and clonazepam

40
Q

What treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

Benzodiazepines, buspirone, some ADDs.

Pharm Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions