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psych exam #1 > anxiety related disorders > Flashcards

anxiety related disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of anxiety

A
  • vague feeling of dread that is unwarranted by the situation
  • state of feeling apprehensive over a perceived threat that is not reality based
  • reaction is out of proportion
  • onset may be sudden or gradual
  • if handled appropriately, it can serve us well
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2
Q

psychosocial and emotional s/s of anxiety

A
  • unpredictable
  • withdrawal
  • irritability
  • depression
  • apathy
  • anger
  • crying
  • emotional
  • labile (unstable)
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3
Q

intellectual/cognitive s/s of anxiety

A
  • rumination
  • obsession with an idea
  • apathy
  • non responsive to external stimuli
  • decreased focus and concentration
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4
Q

anxiety vs fear

A
  • anxiety: common emotional response to unknown threats; not directly observable, only inferred by behaviors
  • fear: emotional response to a real or perceived imminent threat
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5
Q

mild anxiety

A
  • present in people’s daily existence
  • motivates learning, growth, and increases problem solving skills
  • increases physical and mental alertness and perceptual field
  • able to teach
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6
Q

moderate anxiety

A
  • speech more rapid
  • faster thoughts
  • not yet out of control
  • narrowed perception field
  • they are focusing on immediate problem
  • the person feels that something is different and makes the person nervous and agitated
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7
Q

severe anxiety

A
  • focus is on specific details looking to obtain relief
  • the person is sure a threat exists
  • learning ability is impaired
  • fear and distress are increased
  • person uses primitive cognitive skills with low cognitive function
  • more anxious pt = lower your voice and get close
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8
Q

panic

A
  • highest level of anxiety
  • person loses behavioral control
  • experiences dread and terror
  • becomes irrational
  • only able to concentrate on the present situation
  • personality disintegration
  • give short and direct commands
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9
Q

psychodynamic theory

A
  • based on unconscious conflicts of childhood
  • anxiety is central to personality development
  • inability to ego to intervene when conflict occurs between id and superego
  • ex: failure to meet parental expectations; feelings of resentment
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10
Q

biological theory

A
  • 3 basic conditions that elicit anxiety
    1. overstimulation: person is flooded with info
    2. cognitive incongruity: person has difficulty reconciling with some event
    3. response unavailability: person does not know how to handle a difficult situation
  • increased norepinephrine
  • decreased serotonin & GABA
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11
Q

behavioral theory

A

an individual’s response to a stressful event is often a learned conditioned behavior

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12
Q

GABA and benzodiazepines

A
  • GABA needs to be high to prevent anxiety
  • benzos prevent post synaptic excitation
  • high concentrations of GABA are in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia
  • benzos: neuron excitability is reduced creating a calming effect
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13
Q

anxiety disorder

A

when anxiety becomes long term and permeates, a major portion of a person’s life leads to maladaptive behavior and emotional instability
-individuals have reality orientation and are aware of inappropriate behavior

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14
Q

risk factors for anxiety disorder

A
  • female
  • childhood trauma
  • illness
  • stress
  • genetics
  • substance abuse
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15
Q

types of anxiety disorders

A
  • panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
  • phobic disorder
  • generalized anxiety
  • ocd
  • ptsd
  • acute stress d/t general medical disorder
  • atypical anxiety disorder
  • social anxiety disorder
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16
Q

panic disorder

A
  • recurrent panic attacks
  • no trigger, onset unpredictable
  • manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror
  • feelings of impending doom
  • intense physical discomfort
  • both physiological and psychological components
17
Q

phobic disorders

A
  • intense fear of a specific object or situation
  • most common form of anxiety disorder
  • fear predominates (you fear all the time and lose concentration)
18
Q

agoraphobia

A
  • most common serious phobic disorder
  • increased fear of open public places r/t inability to escape
  • disabling and pts develop dependent avoidant behaviors
19
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • onset may begin in childhood or adolscence, but can happen after 20
  • chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry
  • depressive s/s are common
  • numerous somatic complaints
  • common in the elderly
  • symptoms must have occurred more days than not for 6 months and cannot be attributed to specific organic factors (hyperthyroidism or caffeine intox)
  • s/s must causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
20
Q

OCD

A
  • recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions)
  • repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
  • compulsions relieve their anxiety
  • severe enough to be time consuming or to cause marked distress or significant impairment
  • compulsions only provide temporary relief
  • not performing them markedly increases anxiety
21
Q

PTSD

A
  • develops after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened
  • s/s can occur right away, or may be a delay or months to years
  • s/s of depression are common
  • re experience the traumatic event and have a sustained high level of anxiety or arousal
22
Q

somatoform disorder

A
  • presence of unconscious or unintentional physical symptoms with no organic pathology
  • psychological conflicts are expressed thru the use of pathological defense mechanisms
23
Q

dissociative disorders

A
  • presence of overwhelming anxiety disturbs the integration of identity, memory, consciousness and perception of the environment
  • sense of reality is lost
  • Freud viewed it as a defense mechanism used to remove threatening or unacceptable mental content from conscious awareness
24
Q

treatment modalities

A
  • psychological tx
  • individual therapy
  • CBT
  • behavioral therapy
  • organic tx
  • anxiolytics
25
Q

systematic desensitization

A
  • type of behavioral therapy
  • gradually exposed to phobic stimulus
  • master relaxation technique first
26
Q

implosion (flooding)

A
  • type of behavioral therapy
  • no relaxation training
  • fear is instilled and therapist works to decrease anxiety
  • contraindicated when intense anxiety is a danger

psych exam #1 (6 decks)

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