anxiety disorders Flashcards
what is the DSM-5-TR description of a specific phobia?
fear of objects or situations that is out of proportion to ant real danger
what is the DSM-5-TR description for social anxiety disorder?
fear of unfamiliar people or social scrunity
what is the DSM-5-TR description of panic disorder?
anxiety about recurrent panic attacks
what is the DSM5TR description of agoraphobia?
anxiety about being in places where escaping or getting help would be difficult if anxiety symptoms occured
what is the DSM5TR description of generalized anxiety disorder?
uncontrollable worry
what is the DSM5 criteria for anxiety disorders? (4)
- common symptom is anxiety or fear subjectively experienced
- symptoms interfere with functioning and causes marked distress
- symptoms at least for 6 months/ 1 month for panic disorder
- fear/anxieties are distinct in different anxiety disorders
what is the DSM5 diagnostic criteria for phobias? (4)
- excessive, unreasonable, persistent fear triggered by situations or objects
- exposure to trigger - anxiety
- object/situation is avoided
- persists for at least 6 months
what is the DSM5 criteria for social anxiety disorder? (4)
- fear triggered by being exposed to unfamiliar people or social scrutiny
- when exposed, intense anxiety of being humiliated/embarrassed
- trigger is either avoided or endured with intense anxiety
- persists for 6 months
what is the DSM5 diagnostic criteria for GAD? (4)
- persistent, excessive worry: 50% of day spent worrting
- the person cannot stop or control the worry
- at least for 6 months
- and at least 3 symptoms (easily tired, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability)
what are three ways that behavioural theories explain the learning of anxiety?
- direct experience (Conditioning)
- modelling (fear can be learnt from someone else)
- verbal instruction (be careful of dogs)
can you explain the fear circuit and the activity of neurotransmitters?
amygdala: assigns emotional significance and is involved in the conditioning of fear
medial prefrontal cortex: regulates amygdala activity, involved in extinguishing fears, processes anxiety and fear
can you explain the etiologies of panic disorder?
overactivity of the norepinephrine system, GABA levels low (GABA normally inhibits the activity of the NA system)
what is the psychoanalytic approach for phobias?
to explore the repressed conflict underlying the extreme fear, free association, dreams
what are 4 behavioural approaches to phobias?
systematic desensitization
flooding
learning social skills
modelling
what does CBT address? (4)
- a person’s beliefs about the likelihood of negative outcomes if s/he faces and anxiety provoking object/situation and
- the expectation that s/he will be unable to cope
- identifying and challenging negative automatic thought patterns
- distinguishing ‘productive’ and ‘unproductive’ worrying
what is PCT?
panic control therapy:
1. relaxation training
2. cognitive-behavioural interventions
3. exposure to internal cues known to trigger the panic attack (spin in a chair to cause dizziness)
goal to experience panic in a safe environment, employ methods to alleviate
what is the DSM5TR diagnostic criteria for OCD?
obsessions:
1. recurrent persistent thoughts, impulses, urges which create anxiety
2. the person tries to suppress these
compulsions:
1. repetitive behaviours and mental acts that the person performs to relieve anxiety
2. the person feels driven to perform these as a response to the obsessions or to rigid rules
what is Yedasentience?
subjective feeling of knowing, failure of Yedasentience = cannot turn off thinking about something.
a deficit in yedasentience = failure to feel the act was completed - causes anxiety that things are not complete
can you explain the etiology of OCD and related disorders? (3)
- PFC overactivation, impulses arise from the orbitofrontal cortex
- execution of the impulses via the ‘emotional motor system’ basal ganglia
- anterior cingulate
