Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
WHat is the diff between fear & anxiety?
Fear - rxn to immediate danger; short-lived
Anxiety - anticipated problem; longer-lived
What DSM criteria is anxiety dosrder? What are these 5 disorders?
DSM-5
panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific phobias
social anxiety disorer
General anxiety disorder
What are the symptoms of anxiety disoders?
Core: Anxiety & worries
Assoc symptoms: fatigue, poor concentration, problems in sleep, irritability, muscle tension, phobic avoidance, compulsion
What are the contirbuting factors to anxiety disorders?
Psycho-anaytic
Behavioral
Existential
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
2 kinds:
Death wish
Life wish
If these are not expressed appropriately through either aggression, sports, or sexually, this libido gets stick & builds up —> anxiety
Result of a psychic condlict betw unconscious sexual or aggressive wishes with threats from the superego or external reality
What are the diff behavioral theories
Avoidance conditioning
Modeling
Interoceptive conditioning
Fear-of-fear
Social skills deficits
What is the modeling/social learning theory?
Fear may be learned through imitating the actions of others
What is interoceptive conditioning?
Panic attacks are seen as clasically conditioning of the person to interna lbodily sensations of anxiety
What are the causes of anxiety disorders accdg to anxiety phenotype?
Amygdala cetered circuit is hyperactive —> fear
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop —> anxious misery, apprehensive expectation, obsessions
What are the neurotransmitters that drive CSTC loop which is linked to “worry” symptoms?
Serotonin (5-HT)
Norepinephrine
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
What part of the brain releases 5-HT/Serotonin?
Raphe nuclei
LOW levels of circulating 5-HT
How does NRE mediate arousal?
- Relays msges in the sympathetic NS (fight or flight)
- Wakefulness and arousal to respond to stimuli —> vigilance
What happens to NRE levels/secretion in anxiety disorders?
Dysregulated noradrenergic function —> INC sympathetic nervous system activity
What happens to GABA that promotes anxiety disorders?
DEC GABA —> hyperarousa
What disorder refers to recurrent unexpected panic attacks?
Panic disorders
What are the 2 types of panic attack? What is the diff between them?
Cued - cause is known (situational trigger: phobia)
Uncued - recurrent in unexpected situations
What are bioogical correlations of panic disorder in brain imaging?
Blood flow dysregulation in the hippocampus and amygdala
What is then used to test for panic attacks where CO2, Na lactate & HCO3 INC CO2 and Lactate concentrations —> respiratory stimulation
Panicogens
What are the 4 DSM-5 criter for panic disorder?
Crterion A, B, C & D
What is the definition of Criterion A for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?
- Uncued panic attacks
- reaches peak within minutes
- 4 or more ff symptoms: palpitations, chest pains, shortness of breath, feelings of choking sweating, chills, trembling, dizziness, nausea, fear of losing control
What is the definition of Criterion B for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?
atleast one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month of either persistent ceoncern or worry or change in behavior
Should last for 1 month
What is the definition of Criterion C & D for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?
Not yet confirmed
What is agarophobia?
Inability to flee anxiety-provokign situtations (ie crowds, stores, stores, malls, churches, trains, bridgets, etc)
What are the criteria for Agoraphobia?
A, B, C, D, E, F & G
What is the definition of Criterion A for Criteria for Agoraphobia?
Marked fear/anxiety in 2 or more of the situations:
- waiting in line
- being outside the house
- traveling
- being alone in a crowded area
- being in an open space
What is the definition of Criterion B for Agoraphobia?
Escape might be difficult and help might not be available
What is the definition of Criterion C for Agoraphobia?
Situation almost always provoke fear/anxiety
What is the definition of Criterion D for Agoraphobia?
Situations are actively avoided
What is the definition of Criteria E of Agoraphobia?
Fear/anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger
What is the definition of Criterion F for Agoraphobia?
Lasts for 6 mons
What is the definition of CriterionG for Agoraphobia?
Causes impairment
What is one of the most common mental disorders where there is a disrupting, fear-mediated avoidance that is out of proportion of the danger posed by a particular object?
Specific phobias
What are the 5 criterias for specific phobia?
Criterion A-F
What is the definition of Criterion A & B for Specific phobia?
Criterion:
A = MARKED fear/anxiety abt a specific object/situation
B = Object/situation almost always provoked immediate fear/anxiety
What is the definition of Criterion C & D for Specific phobias?
Criterion:
C = object/situation actively avoided/endured w/ intense fear/anxiety
D = fear/anxiety is oUT OF PROPORTION TO THE DANGER POSED BY THE OBJECT
What is the definition of Criterion E&F for Specific phobias?
Criterion:
E = Fear, anxiety, or avoidance is PERSISTENT lasting 6 MONS OR MORE
F = fear/anxiety causes CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS/IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING
What is the fear of asymmetrical things?
Asymmetrophobia?
What is the fear of books, children, garlic?
Books = BIBILIOPHOBIA
Children = PEDOPHOBIA
Garlic = ALLIUMPHOBIA
What is the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the moth? Technology? Mice? Pseudoscientific terms?
Peanut butter = ARACHIBUTYROphobia
Technology = TECHNOphobia
Mice = MUSOphobia
Pseudoscientific terms = HELLENOphobia
What is aka as social phobia where the perosn has persistent, irrational fears of being linked to the presence of other ppl?
Social anxiety disorders
What are the differnet DSM-5 Criteria for social anxiety disorder?
Criterion A-G
What is the definition of Criterion A & B for Social anxiety disorder?
A = fear/anxiety whre indiv is exposed to possible scrutiny by others
B = infividual fears that he/she will act in a certain way they will be negatively evaluated
What is the definition of Criterion C & D for Social anxiety disorder?
C = provokes fear/anxiety
D = SS are avoided or endured w/ intense fear/anxiety
What is the definition of Criterion E, F & G for Social anxiety disorder?
E = fear/anxiety is out of proportion ot the danger posed by the social situation
F = persistent fear, anxiety, or avoidance that lasts 6 MONS OR MORE
G = fear/anxiety/avoidance causes clinically significant distress/impairment in functioning
What is one of the most common anxiety disorder that coexists with another mental disorder?
Generalized anxiety disorder
What are the DSM-5 criteria for GAD?
Criterion A-C
What is the definition of Criterion A for GAD?
Excessive anxiety & worry abt # of events or activities -> NOT MORE THAN 6 MONTHS
What is the definition of Criterion B & C of GAD?
B = individual finds it hard to control the worry
C = anxiety & worry is associated with ATLEAST 3 OF THE FF:
- restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
- being easily fatigued
- difficulty concentrating/mind going blank
- irritability
- muscle tension
- sleep disturbance
