Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 models of stress?
- Biomechanical “engineering”
- Medicophysiological
- Psychological (transactional)
- Emphasises interaction between individual and environment
- Environment does not cause stress, but individual response to stressor does
What are the different foccuses for coping mechanisms?
- Problem focussed
- Where stressor is modified
- Such as preparation, studying or interview practice
- Emotion focussed
- Modify emotional reaction
- Such as mental defence mechanisms (denial relaxation training) or taking sedative drugs
What model describes how you need some stress to perform at best?
Yerkes Dodson curve
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What are human reactions to stress producing anxiety?
- Psychological arousal
- Fearful anticipation
- Irritability
- Sensitivity to noise
- Poor concentration
- Worrying thoughts
- Autonomic arousal
- Symptoms mediated by autonomic nervous system
- GI
- Dry mouth
- Swallowing difficulties
- Dyspepsia, nausea and wind
- Frequent loose motions
- Resp
- Tight chest, difficulty inhaling
- CVS
- Palpitations/missed beats
- Chest pain
- Genitourinary
- Frequency/urgency of micturition
- Amenorrhoea/dysmenorrhoea
- Erectile failure
- CNS
- Dizziness and sweating
- GI
- Symptoms mediated by autonomic nervous system
- Muscle tension
- Tremor
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Hyperventilation
- Hypocapnia
- Numbness and tingling in extremities due to carpopedal spasm
- Breathlessness
- Sleep disturbance
- Initial insomnia
- Frequent waking
- Nightmares and night terrors
What is seen in psychological arousal in response to stress?
- Psychological arousal
- Fearful anticipation
- Irritability
- Sensitivity to noise
- Poor concentration
- Worrying thoughts
What is seen in autonomic arousal in response to stress?
- Autonomic arousal
- Symptoms mediated by autonomic nervous system
- GI
- Dry mouth
- Swallowing difficulties
- Dyspepsia, nausea and wind
- Frequent loose motions
- Resp
- Tight chest, difficulty inhaling
- CVS
- Palpitations/missed beats
- Chest pain
- Genitourinary
- Frequency/urgency of micturition
- Amenorrhoea/dysmenorrhoea
- Erectile failure
- CNS
- Dizziness and sweating
- GI
- Symptoms mediated by autonomic nervous system
What are signs of muscle tension in response to stress?
- Muscle tension
- Tremor
- Headache
- Muscle pain
What is seen in hyperventilation in response to stress?
- Hyperventilation
- Hypocapnia
- Numbness and tingling in extremities due to carpopedal spasm
- Breathlessness
What are signs of sleep disturbances in response to stress?
- Sleep disturbance
- Initial insomnia
- Frequent waking
- Nightmares and night terrors
What is the difference between phobic anxiety disorders and general anxiety disorders?
Both have same core anxiety symptoms but the either occur in particular circumstances:
- Phobias
- Agarophobia (fear of leaving home and entering crowded places, travelling alone)
- Social phobia
- Specific (isolated) phobias
- General anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Occurs persistently
What does GAD stand for?
General anxiety disorder
What are different kinds of phobias?
- Agarophobia (fear of leaving home and entering crowded places, travelling alone)
- Social phobia
- Specific (isolated) phobias
What is agarophobia?
- Agarophobia (fear of leaving home and entering crowded places, travelling alone)
Pathology - generalised anxiety disorders
Persistent (several months) and symptoms not confined to a situation or object
Aetiology - generalised anxiety disorders
- No clear line between “normal” anxiety and anxiety disorders
- Differ in extent of symptoms and durations
- Stressor acting on personality predisposed to disorder
- Due to genetic factors and environmental influences since childhood