ANXIETY DISORDERS Flashcards
The demands placed on an individual
Stressor
The internal biological and
psychological responses to such
demands
Stress
This is future oriented
Anxiety
Immediate alarm reaction to present danger characterized by strong escape-action tendencies Involves a massive response from the autonomic nervous system
Fear
Parts of the brain that is involved in the fear response.
Thalamus, Amygdala, & Hypothalamus
This is a state of intense apprehension, uncertainty, and fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event or situation, often to a degree that normal physical and psychological functioning is disrupted.
Anxiety
An emotional response to a perceived threat.
Fear
What are the physiological symptoms of Anxiety Disorders?
● Muscle tension
● Heart palpitations
● Sweating
● Dizziness/shortness of breath
What are the emotional symptoms of Anxiety Disorders?
● Restlessness ● A sense of impending doom ● Fear of dying ● Fear of embarrassment/humiliation ● Fear of something terrible happening
This causes extreme distress when the person is separated from the parents or the caregivers.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
SAD is more prominent in what gender?
Girls
What is they key warning sign in SAD?
A person’s extreme overattachment to their parents and persistent perception that a family member is in danger when they are separated from the person.
What are the symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder?
● Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures
● Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
● Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure.
● Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation.
● Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings.
● Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure.
● Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation.
● Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated.
What is the persistence of SAD in adults and children?
At least 4 weeks in children and
adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults.
What is the diagnostic criteria for Selective Mutism?
● Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations.
● The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
● The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
● The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
● The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., childhood onset fluency disorder) and does not occur exclusively during the course of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.
What are the specifying types of phobia?
Animal Type Natural Environment Type Blood-Injection-Injury Type Situational Type Other Type
Maintained through the processes of classical
and operant conditioning.
Specific Phobia
Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Phobia
● Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).
● The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.
● The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.
● The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in
social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
● The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder,
including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms
or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia); objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder); separation from home or attachment figures (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as in social anxiety disorder).
Concern about behaving in such a way (or
showing symptoms of anxiety) that will lead
to being judged, scrutinized, embarrassed, or
humiliated
Social Anxiety Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder
● Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of others.
● The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated.
● The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.
● The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.
● The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.
● The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, such as panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.
● If another medical condition (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, obesity, disfigurement from burns
or injury) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly unrelated or is excessive.
Physical symptoms of Panic Disorder
● Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate.
● Sweating.
● Trembling or shaking.
● Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.
● Feelings of choking.
● Chest pain or discomfort.
● Nausea or abdominal distress.
● Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint.
● Chills or heat sensations.
● Paresthesia (numbness or tingling sensations).
● Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself).
● Fear of losing control or “going crazy.”
● Fear of dying.
Diagnostic Criteria for Panic Disorder
● Recurrent unexpected panic attacks.
● At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both; Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences and persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences.
● The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
● The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder .
Recurrent & “unexpected”
Panic Attack
Characterized by persistent and global worry
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
