anxiety disorder Flashcards
what is negative reinforcement
a behaviour that removes the native consequence eg putting in sunscreen in sun so not burnt
treatment o mild anxiety disorder
CBT
treatment of mod-severe anxiety
SSRI
for a year
what is the first line medication (not class) used in anxiety
fluoxetine
what part of the brain is responsible for the stress response
amygdala
what hormone is released in response to stress
cortisol
how long must anxiety be present for for GAD diagnosis
most days for min 6 months
when does GAD typically present
20-40s
treatment of GAD
CBT, SSRI/SNRI, pregabalin, Benzes short term
howling must treatment of GAD be continued for
upwards of 18 months
symptoms of GAD
generalised anxiety no restricted to any particular environment, nervousness, trembling, eating, muscle tensions, dizzy , epigastric discomfort, fears that themselves or loved one will become ill.
what is a panic disorder
recurrent attacks of severe anxiety which aren’t restricted to situation and unpredictable.
main symptoms of panic attacks
palpations, chest pain, choking sensation, dizziness, depersonalisation or derealisation, secondary fear of death.
50-67% of people with panic disorder also have what other anxiety disorder
agoraphobia
what are biological triggers of panic attacks
infusion of lactate or rebreathing co2
treatment of panic attacks
CBT/self help
SSRI/SNRI/TCA
Benzes short term - try avoid
how long should treatment commence for in panic disorders
6 months
when do phobias typically present by
early onset early adolescence -30s
what is agoraphobia
fears of leaving home , entering shops, crowds, public places or travelling alone in trains, buses or planes
in phobias is fear seen as rational
no
give examples of specific fears
flying, heights, animals, injections
treatment of specific phobias
graded exposure
cat and ssri if needed
common anxiety symptoms seen in social anxiety disorder
blushing/ shaking
fear of vomiting
urgency or fear of micturition or defection
treatment of social anxiety
cat
SSRI/SNRI
Benzes short term
what does ego -dystonic mean
goes against the persons self eg kill family if they love them
how long must obsessional features be present for in OCD
most days for at least 2 weeks
give some criteria for OCD
must be own thoughts
must be resisted
must be unpleasant
must be repetitive
when does OCD usually present
usually 20 (teens for males)
treatment of OCD 1,2,3 line
1st - CBT
2nd SSRI(fluoxetine)
3rd - clomipramine
what receptor do Benzos work on ? what else works on this receptor. what ion enters through channels?
GABA -A receptor ( alcohol and barbiturates) chloride (cl -)
