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The Patient (Y3-2) > Anxiety and sleep disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety and sleep disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is first line psychological therapy for generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Education and monitoring

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2
Q

If education and monitoring are not effective in management GAD, what is next step?

A

If education not effective, first-line is self-help and group education

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3
Q

If group education/self-help are not effective in managing GAD, what is the next step?

A

High intensity psychological intervention e.g. CBT, applied relaxation

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4
Q

When is pharmacological therapy initiated in GAD?

A

Those who have marked functional impairment or self-help/education not effective

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5
Q

What is the first line pharmacological therapy in GAD?

A

Sertraline

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6
Q

If sertraline is ineffective in GAD, what is second-line step?

A

Alternative SSRI or SNRI

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7
Q

What is given as third-line in pharmacological management of GAD?

A

Pregabalin

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8
Q

Which group of drugs are not given to GAD patients?

A

Antipsychotics

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9
Q

What are the psychological treatment options for panic disorder?

A

CBT - over 1-2hrs for each weekly session. Max 4 months of treatment
Facilitated or non-facilitated self-help material
If not effective add in pharmacological therapy

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10
Q

What are the pharmacological treatment options for panic disorder?

A

First line any licensed SSRI
Second-line imipramine or clomipramine
If treatment successfully used for 6 months dose can be tapered or stopped

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11
Q

Which drugs should not be used in panic disorder?

A

Antipsychotics
Benzodiazepines
Sedating antihistamines

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12
Q

What are the psychological treatment options in social anxiety?

A

Individualised CBT
CBT-based self help if decline CBT
Combine CBT with pharmacological treatment if partial/limited response

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13
Q

What are the pharmacological treatment options for social anxiety?

A

SSRI - sertraline or escitalopram
Alternative SSRI second line - venlafaxine
MAOI 3rd line - moclobemide

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14
Q

Which drugs should not be used in social anxiety?

A 
Benzodiazepines
TCAs
antipsychotics
St Johns Wort 
Anticonvulsants
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15
Q

What can propranolol be used for in anxiety?

A

Management of physical symptoms e.g. tremor etc.

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16
Q

How long may it take for antidepressants to work in anxiety?

A

2 weeks - short term BZD may need to be used (GAD crisis)

17
Q

Which benzodiazepine is recommended in GAD crisis?

A

Diazepam

18
Q

Which two classes of drugs can be used to treat insomnia?

A

Benzodiazepines

Z drugs

19
Q

Name the two most commonly used benzodiazepines in treatment of insomnia

A

Temazepam

Nitrazepam

20
Q

Which type of drugs are most likely to cause rebound insomnia?

A

Short-acting BZD

21
Q

If patient fails to respond to one benzo, should another one be tried for insomnia?

A

No - try Z drugs or non-drug treatment

Same true for Z drugs

22
Q

When should short-acting agents be used and when should long-acting agents be used in insomnia?

A

Short-acting if difficulty getting to sleep

Long-acting if early morning wakening

23
Q

Name one short-acting BZD and one short-acting Z drug

A

Temazepam

Zolpidem

24
Q

Name one long-acting BZD and one long-acting Z drug

A

Nitrazepam

Zopiclone

25
Q

Hypnotic agents should be used long-term for insomnia. True or false?

A

False - should be used for shortest time period at lowest effective dose.

26
Q

Who is melatonin licensed for in insomnia?

A

Licensed as monotherapy in over 55s

27
Q

Which stages of sleep do BZD reduce?

A

Reduce stage 3 and 4 non-rem sleep

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

A

Binds to benzodiazepine site on GABA receptor (different site to where GABA binds). The binding of benzodiazepine increases the affinity for GABA. The channel is therefore more likely to open with BDZ bound therefore increasing Cl- flux and hyperpolarisation in the post-synaptic cell.

29
Q

What is the potency of BDZ limited by?

A

Availability of GABA

30
Q

How many subunits does a GAMA receptor have?

A

2 alpha
2 beta
1 gamma

The Patient (Y3-2) (8 decks)

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