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NU318 Exam 4 > Anxiety and Ego Defense Mechanisms > Flashcards

Anxiety and Ego Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

stages of the general adaptation syndrome

A
  1. alarm reaction stage
  2. resistance stage
  3. exhaustion stage
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2
Q

alarm reaction stage

A

(preparation for defense) – stress stimulates body to send messages from hypothalamus to glands and organs to prepare for potential defense needs

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3
Q

resistance stage

A

blood shunted to areas needed for defense (HR increases)

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4
Q

exhaustion stage

A

body stores are depleted and there is little reserve capacity

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5
Q

manifestations of mild anxiety

A

restlessness, fidgeting, mild tension-relieving behaviors, difficulty sleeping

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6
Q

manifestations of moderate anxiety

A

decreases productivity and learning

increased heart rate, respiration, perspiration, increased muscle tension, faster rate of speech, GI upset

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7
Q

manifestations of severe anxiety

A 
greatly reduced perceptual field
attention scattered
feelings of dread
confusion
hyperventilation, tachycardia
intense somatic complaints
learning and problem solving not possible
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8
Q

manifestations of panic

A

unable to focus on the environment
physical behavior is erratic, uncoordinated, impulsive
can’t communicate verbally
possible delusions and hallucinations
confusion, shouting, screaming, withdrawal
dilated pupils, severe shakiness, suicidal

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9
Q

interventions for mild to moderate anxiety

A

remain calm and be willing to listen
use therapeutic communication (open-ended questions, broad openings, explore, seek clarification)
do NOT introduce irrelevant topics or ask why

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10
Q

interventions for severe anxiety and panic

A 
remain calm
assess safety and physical needs
use firm, short, simple statements
medication is the last resort
do NOT engage in teaching
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11
Q

action of benzodiazepines

A

potentiate GABA and used for short-term anxiety

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12
Q

side effects of benzodiazepines

A

sedation, psychomotor slowing (should decrease within 7-10 days)

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13
Q

nursing considerations for benzodiazepines

A

potential for physical dependency and tolerance (patient should not be only this for more than 4 weeks)

potential for withdrawal

avoid use of alcohol

elderly have increased sensitivity to benzos (risk of falls)

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14
Q

intermediate defense mechanisms

A 
Repression 
Displacement 
Reaction formation 
Somatization 
Undoing 
Rationalization 
Suppression
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15
Q

immature defense mechanisms

A

denial
regression
dissociation

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16
Q

repression

A

subconsciously hiding uncomfortable thoughts

17
Q

displacement

A

shifting of intended action to a safer target

18
Q

reaction formation

A

avoiding something by taking a polar opposite position.

19
Q

somatization

A

psychological problems turned into physical symptoms.

20
Q

undoing

A

actions that psychologically ‘undo’ wrongdoings for the wrongdoer

21
Q

rationalization

A

creating logical reasons for bad behavior

22
Q

suppression

A

consciously holding back unwanted urges

23
Q

denial

A

refusing to acknowledge that an event has occurred

24
Q

regression

A

returning to a child state to avoid problems

25
Q

dissociation

A

separating oneself from parts of your life

26
Q

treatment of panic disorders

A

cognitive behavioral techniques

27
Q

positive reframing

A

turning negative messages into positive messages

28
Q

decatastrophizing

A

therapist use of questions to realistically appraise the situation and client uses thought stopping and distraction techniques to stop focusing on negative thoughts

29
Q

assertiveness training

A

help person take control of life situations and helps negotiate interpersonal situations and foster self-assurance (“I” statements)

30
Q

phobia

A

persistent, irrational fear of specific objects, activities, or situations that leads to avoidance; do not usually result from past negative experiences

31
Q

specific phobia

A

response to specific objects (flying, snakes)

32
Q

social phobia

A

fear of exposure to social situations or required performance

33
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in places/situations from which escape is difficult or help unavailable

34
Q

treatment of phobias

A

behavioral therapy (positive reframing, assertive training, systematic desensitization, flooding)

35
Q

systematic serial desensitization

A

therapist progressively exposes client to the threatening object in a safe setting until anxiety decreases

36
Q

flooding

A

rapid systematic desensitization; client is confronted with object until it no longer produces anxiety

37
Q

general anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things lasting at least 6 months

NU318 Exam 4 (7 decks)

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