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Psych Shelf Exam > Anxiety and Adjustment Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety and Adjustment Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Increased NE
  2. decreased GABA
  3. decreased 5HT
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2
Q

What serious medical conditions are panic attacks associated with?

A
  1. mitral valve prolapse
  2. asthma
  3. pulmonary embolus
  4. angina
  5. anaphyaxis
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3
Q

How often do people with panic disorder usually suffer from panic attacks?

A

2x/wk

but can be several times a day to several times a year

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4
Q

What is the typical age of onset of panic disorder?

A

late teens to early thirties [avg 25]

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5
Q

What is the best long-term treatment for panic disorder?

A

SSRIs esp paroxetine and sertraline

-if you can’t use SSRI clomipramine, imipramine work

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6
Q

How does the dose of SSRI for panic disorder differ for that of depression?

A

Higher dose of SSRI for panic disorder

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7
Q

What treatment is effective immediately for panic attacks?

A

benzos

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8
Q

How long should treatment for panic disorder last?

A

8-12 months

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9
Q

How long must symptoms be present for specific or social phobia if the patient is under 18?

A

6 months

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10
Q

What is the most common mental disorder in the US?

A

phobias

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11
Q

What is used to treat performance anxiety?

A

b-blockers

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12
Q

What is the difference between systemic desensitization and flooding?

A

SD is when the patient is gradually exposed to the feared object or situation while being taught relaxation techniques

Flooding is when the patient is directly confronted with their full fear

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13
Q

What pharmacotherapy is used for specific phobias?

A

usually it is not effective- we rely on systemic desensitization

-short course of benzos or b-blockers during SD to reduce autonomic response

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14
Q

What pharmacotherapy is used for social phobia?

A

Paroxetine

b-blocker for performance anxiety only

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15
Q

What disorders are frequently comorbid with OCD?

A
  1. tourette syndrome
  2. ADHD
  3. MDD
  4. eating disorders
  5. anxiety disorders
  6. OCPD
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16
Q

What is the neurotransmitter changes associated with OCD?

A

abnormal regulation of 5HT

17
Q

What 4 medical conditions are often associated with OCD?

A
  1. head injury
  2. epilepsy
  3. basal ganglia disorder
  4. postpartum conditions
18
Q

What are the 5 common patterns of OCD?

A
  1. contamination and washing
  2. doubt and checking
  3. symmetry and slow task performance
  4. intrusive thoughts WITHOUT COMPULSIONS (thoughts of stabbing infant so remove all knives bc dont actually want to)
  5. somatic obsessions
19
Q

What percent of patients with OCD show improvement with treatment?

A

30

20
Q

What pharmacological treatment is used for OCD?

A
  1. SSRIs in higher than normal dose

2. TCA

21
Q

What psychotherapy treatment is used for OCD?

A

Behavioral Therapy:

  1. exposure and response prevention(ERP)
  2. relaxation techniques
22
Q

If pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy fail for OCD, what is the last resort treatment?

A

ECT or surgery (cingulotomy)

23
Q

What time criteria differentiates acute stress disorder from PTSD?

A

PTSD- the event could have occurred anytime in the past, and the symptoms must be present for at least 1 month

ASD- even must have been less than 1 month ago and the symptoms last less than 1 month

24
Q

What are pharmacological treatments for PTSD?

A
  1. SSRI
  2. TCA (imipramine, doxepin)
  3. MAOIs

anticonvulsants for flashbacks and nightmares

25
Q

In addition to pharm, what other treatments can be used for PTSD?

A
  1. CBT, supportive, psychodynamic
  2. relaxation
  3. group/family therapy
  4. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
26
Q

What medication should you avoid in the treatment of PTSD?

A

Benzos because of the high rate of comorbid substance abuse

27
Q

What somatic symptoms most commonly accompany GAD?

A

sweating, tachycardia, muscle tension

28
Q

What is first line pharmacological treatment for GAD?

A

SNRI (venlafaxine) and SSRIs are first line

Buspirone and benzos (clonazepam, diazepam) are other options

29
Q

What psychotherapy should accompany SNRI or SSRI for GAD?

A

CBT

30
Q

What is the time criteria for GAD?

A

worry in multiple areas of life must last for:

  1. most days of the week
  2. for over 6 months

Psych Shelf Exam (8 decks)

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