Anxiety

Question 1

What is generalized anxiety

Answer 1

No clear reason or focus - interfere with normal behaviour

Question 2

What is a panic disorder

Answer 2

Overwhelming fear marked somatic symptoms

Question 3

What is the normal action of GABAa receptors

Answer 3

Ionotropic receptor mediating fast inhibitory transmission in the brain- found post synaptically mediating the release inward movement of chloride ions

Question 4

How many subunits make up the channel

Answer 4

5 - make up influences pharmacology, location and function

Question 5

What is an agonist at the orthosteric site of GABAaR

Answer 5

Muscimol

Question 6

What is an antagonist at the orthosteric site of GABAaR

Answer 6

Bicuculline

Question 7

What is an agonist at the allosteric site of GABAaR

Answer 7

Diazepam

Question 8

What is an antagonist at the allosteric site of GABAaR

Answer 8

Flumazenil

Question 9

How do GABAb receptors cause inhibition

Answer 9

Inhibit Cav presynaptically and activate Kv channels post-synaptically

Question 10

Where do benzodiazepines bind to GABAaR

Answer 10

Binding site lies at the alpha - gamma interface

Question 11

What is the common subunit assembly of GABAaR

Answer 11

B2,A1,B2,A1,G2

Question 12

What is the alpha 1 subunit associated with

Answer 12

Sedative effect of benzodiazepines

Question 13

What subunit is associated with anxiolytic effects

Answer 13

Alpha 2,3,5

Question 14

What 4 physiological effects do benzodiazepine have

Answer 14

Sedation, Hypnosis, Anterograde amnesia (prevent memories while under their influence), Anti-convulsant (Inhibit development and spread of epileptiform activity

Question 15

How do benzodiazepines interact with the allosteric site

Answer 15

Bind to the allosteric site of the GABAaR - Patch clamp technique revealed that the binding caused there to be an increase in open probability of the GABAaR increasing GABA affinity - without increasing the time that the channels are open for at the orthosteric site

Question 16

What are some adverse effects of benzodiazepine agonists

Answer 16

1. Sleepiness, additive effects with other CNS depressants
2. Tolerance - decreased responsiveness following continued use - may be overcome with increasing dose
3. Misuse - physical dependence - increased anxiety, insomnia, CNS excitability - more of a problem with short half life drugs - drugs used for sleeping disorders may cause daytime anxiety