Anxiety

Question 1

Who created the psychological model of GAD

Answer 1

Wells (1997)

Question 2

What is the psychological model of GAD

Answer 2

Trigger activates positive meta beliefs and type 1 worry
Type 1 worry leads to neg meta beliefs and type 2 worry

Question 3

What is type 1 worry

Answer 3

Type 1 worry = what if?
Functional and helpful to prevent bad outcome but typically stop when realised considered all negative outcomes + feel better

Question 4

What is type 2 worry

Answer 4

Type 2 worry = worrying about worrying
Never get to point of thinking worried enough + is uncontrollable and consistent

Question 5

Support for Wells (1997) model of GAD

Answer 5

Wells and Carter (2001)

Question 6

What did Wells + Carter (2001) do?

Answer 6

Compared GAD against social phobia and panic

Question 7

What did Wells and Carter (2001) find?

Answer 7

GAD + panic = similar health worry
GAD + social = similar social worry
But GAD scored high on beliefs about worry relating to superstition and punishment
Scored high on meta worry

Question 8

Psychological intervention for anxiety

Answer 8

CBT

Question 9

Evidence of CBT for anxiety

Answer 9

Hofmann + Smiths (2008)
Carpenter et al (2018)
Borza (2017)

Question 10

What did hofmann + smiths (2008) do

Answer 10

Meta analysis of 27 studies
Only compared studies that were placebo controlled

Question 11

What did Hofmann + Smith (2008) find?

Answer 11

Only 2 studies of GAD
Hedges g of .51 = medium effect size which is clinically significant

Question 12

What did Carpenter et al (2018) do?

Answer 12

Updated Hofmann + Smith (2008) Compared 41 studies of anxiety still only 2 GAD

Question 13

What did carpenter et al (2018) find?

Answer 13

Odds ratio 5x more likely to get better with CBT than placebo

Question 14

What did Borza (2017) do + find?

Answer 14

A review of CBT for GAD
Found it to be effective treatment in reducing worry
CBT equal to pharmacotherapy and was more effective 6 months later

Question 15

Biological interventions

Answer 15

SSRI

Question 16

What did Koen and Stein (2011) do and find

Answer 16

A review of SSRI
Strong evidence SSRI effective in short term
Effect size = 0.36 which is clinically and statistically significant z

Question 17

Supporting evidence of Koen and Stein (2011)

Answer 17

Donovan et al (2010)

Question 18

What did Donovan et al (2010) find?

Answer 18

In long term meta analysis
3 GAD RCTs = 1,342 ppt
Odds ratio = 5x less likely to relapse with SSRIs
All 3 studies showed sig effect